Type Specimens of Certain Hysteriales
1932; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 24; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1080/00275514.1932.12020620
ISSN1557-2536
Autores Tópico(s)Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
ResumoSummaryThis paper deals with some of the names that have been applied to certain lignicolous and corticolous Hysteriales. The eleven genera mentioned below were considered by Höhnel (3) to constitute the Hysteriales, but the common, and doubtless more correct, practise is to include several other genera in the group. Keys are provided by Rehm (6), by Ellis and Everhart (2), and by Clements and Shear in their recent "Genera of Fungi."The characters of the hysterothecia are of diagnostic value, particularly in separating genera, but the spores provide the main differentiating features. The host or substratum should be identified in collecting the Hysteriales; one usually will find that species occurring upon conifers differ from those on deciduous plants, although a few species develop upon both types of substratum. Some confusion has resulted from the interpretation of immature spores temporarily hyaline as belonging to genera with spores permanently hyaline.In the brief summaries given here of certain species, and based primarily upon examinations of type specimens, it must be remembered that few of the described species are included, and the distinguishing characters mentioned below are principally size of spores, type of host, and distribution. It is hoped, however, that the data presented in this paper may aid mycologists in determining some of the commoner Hysteriales. 1. Bulliardiella Sacc. was separated from Mytilidion because the spores are only two celled. Fungi belonging to this genus have not been examined by the writer.2. Dichaena Fries, is not included in this article. Species of Dichaena are often easily recognized from their macroscopic appearance, but the microscopic characters are usually uncertain.3. Farlowiella Sacc. consists of F. repanda (Blox.) Sacc. as the only well known species.4. Gloniella Sacc. includes fungi with spores having three or more cells which remain hyaline; some species occur on herbaceous plants. No good species of Gloniella is discussed in this paper. G. ovata (Cooke) Sacc. is unsatisfactory; nor is it a good basis for Rehm's genus Hysteroglonium.5. Gloniopsis de Notaris, corresponds to Hysterographium, except that the spores remain hyaline. None of the species mentioned herein were found upon conifers. G. curvata (Fries) Sacc. occurs in Europe and probably in North America, and has spores 16–22 × 6–9 μ. G. biformis Sacc. and G. insignis (Cooke & Hark.) Berl. & Vogl. may be synonymous names.G. Verbasci (Schw.) Rehm, is found in North America and perhaps in Europe, with spores 20–30 × 8–12 μ, and Hysterium praelongum Schw. and H. Lonicerae Phill. & Hark, appear to be synonymous. G. decipiens de Notaris must be very similar.G. connivens (Cooke & Hark.) Pazschke, from North America has spores 16–24 × 8–10 μ and may be distinct from G. curvata in somewhat wider, more obtuse spores.6. Glonium Muehlenberg, is based on G. stellatum which occurs in North America on coniferous (and other?) substrata, and has spores 20–28 × 4–6 μ. G. accumulatum Schw. is synonymous. Glonium as delimited by von Höhnel includes only species with a definite subiculum; it has even been suggested by others that G. stellatum does not belong to the Hysteriales. G. graphicum (Fries) Duby has a less dense subiculum which may even be lacking; it occurs on conifers in Europe, and has spores 21–27 × 5–7 μ. For species of Glonium without subiculum von Höhnel proposed the sub-genus Psiloglonium, which Petrak (Ann. Myc. 21: 227) raised to generic rank. We have left the species below in Glonium.G. paruulum (Gerard) Cooke, occurs in North America (and Europe?) on deciduous woody plants, and has small spores 6–8 × 2–3 μ. Hysterium abbreviatum Schw. and evidently H. medium Cooke, are synonymous.G. nitidum Ellis, occurs on conifers in North America, and has non-constricted spores 6–13 × 2–3 μ. Hysterium fibritectum Schw. at Kew appears to be the same.G. simulans Gerard, occurs in North America, and has spores 10–16 × 4–5 μ, slightly constricted.G. lineare (Fries) de Not. occurs on deciduous woody plants in Europe and North America. It has spores 10–15 × 6–8 μ.G. Cyrillae (Berk. & Curt.) Sacc. with which Hysterium chlorinum Berk. & Curt, is synonymous, is found on deciduous plants in North America. It has large spores, 54–82 × 13–17 μ.7. Hysterium Tode ex Fries, has brown spores with cross septa. H. pulicare Pers. ex Fries occurs on deciduous woody plants in Europe, America, and elsewhere, and has spores 18–33 × 7–9 μ, 3 septate with end cells paler. H. acerinum West., H. betulignum Schw., and H. truncatulum Cooke & Peck are some of the synonyms; the H. biforme of Fries' Scler. Suec. seems to be the same.H. acuminatum Fries, is the name applied to an alpine form on conifers in Europe with spores 13–16 × 5–6 μ.H. angustatum Alb. & Schw. occurs on deciduous woody plants in Europe and America, with spores 15–22 × 5–7 μ, uniformly brown. H. Eucalypti Phill. & Hark, is the same.H. insidens Schw. is found in North America, and probably in Europe, on deciduous (and coniferous?) plants, and has spores 24–40 × 6–10 μ, with one cell commonly larger than the others. H. depressum Berk. & Curt., H. fusiger Berk. & Curt., and perhaps H. Berengerii Sacc. are considered synonymous. Intergrading forms seem to invalidate any effort to distinguish two species here, based on length of spores.H. thujarum Cooke & Peck, develops on conifers in North America, and has spores 30–40 × 10–14 μ.H. macrosporum Peck, also occurs on conifers in North America, and has spores 40–57 × 11–15 μ.H. magnosporum Gerard, has been collected on deciduous woody plants in North America, and has spores 50–65 × 1520 μ.8. Hysterographium Corda, has muriform brown spores. All the names in Ellis and Everhart (2), Rehm (6), and Massee (5), and one or two other names, are considered in this paper. The writer believes that these should be accounted for under the following eight names:H. Mori (Schw.) Rehm, is a common species on deciduous and coniferous wood or bark in America and Europe, with spores 15–25 × 7–9 μ. The following appear to be the same: Hysterium acuminatum of Herb. Schw., H. Gerardi Cooke & Peck, H. guaraniticum of Balansa's Plants, H. Lesquereuxii Duby, H. putaminum Cooke, H. Rousselii de Not., H. variabile Cooke & Peck, H. viticola Cooke & Peck, and Glonium hyalosporum Gerard.H. formosum (Cooke) Sacc. on alpine conifers in North America and probably in Europe, has spores 18–24 × 7–10 μ. H. Pumilionis Rehm is apparently the same. H. formosum is very close to, or possibly identical with, H. Mori, but may be distinct in possessing longer asci and somewhat smaller hysterothecia.H. subrugosum (Cooke & Ellis) Sacc. occurs on Quercus in North America. The spores are 25–40 × 10–12 μ. H. hiascens Rehm and H. kansense Ellis & Ev. may be synonymous.H. Rehmianum Sacc. is found in Europe on deciduous trees, with spores 30–40 × 12–14 μ. H. naviculare Karst, is possibly identical.H. Fraxini (Pers. ex Fries) de Not. on ash, etc., is widespread The spores are 30–40 × 15–20 μ.H. elongatum (Wahlenb.) Corda, is rare on Salix in Europe. The spores measure 30–15 × 10–15 μ.H. nova-caesariense (Ellis) Roum. on Pinus in North America has spores 35–50 × 10–13 μ.H. flexuosum (Schw.) Rehm, on deciduous woody plants in North America has the largest spores, 39–62 × 12–20 μ. Hysterium Ceanothi Phill. & Hark., H. prominens Phill. & Hark., H. vulvatum Schw., and Lophium naviculare of Herb. Schw. at Kew. appear to be synonymous.9. Lophium, with filiform spores and erect hysterothecia, is based on L. mytilinum (Pers.) Fries, which occurs on conifers in America and Europe; the spores are 120–150 × 1½-2 μ.10. Mytilidion (Mytilidium) Duby, has upright hysterothecia and spores three or more celled. M. tortile (Schw.) Sacc. occurs on Juniperus in North America, with spores 12–16 × 4–5 μ. M. decipiens (Karst.) Sacc. is a similar or possibly identical species in Europe, but M. tortile as described by Rehm (6, p. 23) is another fungus with larger spores.11. Ostreion (Ostreium) Duby, is based on O. americanum, which occurs in North America on Liquidambar and Sassafras, with spores 80–120 × 25–35 μ. Lophium Sassafras Schw. was found to be this species. O. europaeum Duby was found by Rehm (see 6, p. 14) to be Hysterium pulicare form pedicellatum. Ostreion appears to differ from Mytilidion principally in the size of the spores, and the two names should probably be merged, as is done by Clements and Shear.The following species were found by the writer, and in most cases by others previously, to be undeterminable, or to belong to other organisms than the Hysteriales: Hysterium Azaleae Schw., H. confluens Schw., H. Kalmiae Schw., H. librincola Schw., H. nucicola Schw., H. rhois Schw., H. rugulosum Schw., H. Sambuci of Herb. Schw., H. stygium Cooke, H. Syringae Schw., H. sycnophilum Cooke, H. varium Fries, and H. vix-visibile Gerard.These names are still doubtful: Tryblidium dealbatum Gerard, Hysterium einerascens Schw., H. hiascens Berk. & Curt., H. hyalinum Cooke & Peck, H. ovatum Cooke, and Glonium Ravenelii Cooke & Phil.The writer is glad to acknowledge the kindness of the authorities in the Herbaria visited, and particularly that of the following mycologists: Miss E. M. Wakefield of Kew, Mr. J. Ramsbottom of the British Museum (Natural History), M. Roger Heim at Paris, Dr. Ulbrich of Berlin, Dr. E. J. Butler of the Imperial Mycological Institute, Kew, and Dr. H. D. House, State Botanist, Albany, New York. The writer would be glad to receive specimens or information from anyone interested in the Hysteriales.
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