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Global phylogeography and evolutionary history of Shigella dysenteriae type 1

2016; Nature Portfolio; Volume: 1; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.27

2058-5276

Elisabeth Njamkepo, Nizar Fawal, Alicia Tran-Dien, Jane Hawkey, Nancy Strockbine, Claire Jenkins, Kaisar A. Talukder, Raymond Bercion, Konstantin V. Kuleshov, R. Kolínská, Julie E. Russell, Л. А. Кафтырева, Marie Accou-Demartin, Andreas Karas, Olivier Vandenberg, Alison E. Mather, Carl J. Mason, Andrew J. Page, Thandavarayan Ramamurthy, Chantal Bizet, Andrzej Gamian, Isabelle Carle, Amy Gassama Sow, Christiane Bouchier, Astrid Louise Wester, Monique Lejay-Collin, Marie‐Christine Fonkoua, Simon Le Hello, Martin J. Blaser, Cecilia Jernberg, Corinne Ruckly, Audrey Mérens, Anne‐Laure Page, Martin Aslett, Peter Roggentin, Angelika Fruth, Érick Denamur, Malabi M. Venkatesan, Hervé Bercovier, Ladaporn Bodhidatta, Chien‐Shun Chiou, Dominique Clermont, Bianca Colonna, S. A. Egorova, Gururaja Perumal Pazhani, Analía V. Ezernitchi, Ghislaine Guigon, Simon R. Harris, Hidemasa Izumiya, Agnieszka Korzeniowska‐Kowal, Anna Lutyńska, Malika Gouali, Francine Grimont, Céline Langendorf, Monika Marejková, Lorea Peterson, Guillermo I. Pérez‐Pérez, Antoinette Ngandjio, А. Т. Подколзин, Erika Souche, М. А. Макарова, German A. Shipulin, Changyun Ye, Helena Žemličková, M Herpay, Patrick A. D. Grimont, Julian Parkhill, Philippe Sansonetti, Kathryn E. Holt, Sylvain Brisse, Nicholas R. Thomson, François‐Xavier Weill,

Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research

Together with plague, smallpox and typhus, epidemics of dysentery have been a major scourge of human populations for centuries1. A previous genomic study concluded that Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (Sd1), the epidemic dysentery bacillus, emerged and spread worldwide after the First World War, with no clear pattern of transmission2. This is not consistent with the massive cyclic dysentery epidemics reported in Europe during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries1,3,4 and the first isolation of Sd1 in Japan in 18975. Here, we report a whole-genome analysis of 331 Sd1 isolates from around the world, collected between 1915 and 2011, providing us with unprecedented insight into the historical spread of this pathogen. We show here that Sd1 has existed since at least the eighteenth century and that it swept the globe at the end of the nineteenth century, diversifying into distinct lineages associated with the First World War, Second World War and various conflicts or natural disasters across Africa, Asia and Central America. We also provide a unique historical perspective on the evolution of antibiotic resistance over a 100-year period, beginning decades before the antibiotic era, and identify a prevalent multiple antibiotic-resistant lineage in South Asia that was transmitted in several waves to Africa, where it caused severe outbreaks of disease. Global phylogenetic analyses of Shigella dysenteriae isolates uncover the transcontinental transmission events and evolution of antibiotic resistance behind the major dysentery epidemics in the modern era.