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Fusarium diseases of cereals

1964; Cambridge University Press; Volume: 47; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/s0007-1536(64)80035-8

0007-1536

J. Colhoun, D. Park,

Agriculture, Plant Science, Crop Management

Fusarium culmorum (W. G. Sm.) Sacc., F. avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc. and F. graminearum Schwabe (Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch) cause disease in wheat seedlings but F. nivale (Fr.) Ces. (Griphosphaeria nivalis (Schaff.) Müll. & Arx) and F. poae (Peck) Wollenw. caused no disease under the experimental conditions employed. Both F. culmorum and F. graminearum caused pre-emergence and post-emergence death of seedlings as well as distinct lesions at the base of the shoot in living plants. Although causing lesions at the base of plants, F. avenaceum brought about little pre-emergence or post-emergence death of seedlings. From the symptoms it was not possible to determine which of the three species caused lesions at the base of surviving plants. In greenhouse experiments F. culmorum and F. graminearum caused most pre-emergence death of seedlings in dry soil where an increase in the number of those killed occurred with increasing temperature. Severe post-emergence death of seedlings was also associated with dry soils. With both species the smallest number of dead plants or of surviving plants with lesions occurred in wet soil, particularly when the temperature was low. F. culmorum brought about a marked reduction in the height of infected seedlings. F. avenaceum caused lesions on fewer surviving plants in cold wet soils than in drier soils. Examination of fairly mature cereal crops during growth in Lancashire and Cheshire in 1961 showed that symptoms associated with the presence of Fusarium spp. occurred in practically all wheat crops. F. nivale was isolated very frequently from diseased plants but F. culmorum was less prevalent. F. avenaceum and F. graminearum were isolated from a few plants in occasional crops.