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A review of executive function deficits in autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2016; Dove Medical Press; Linguagem: Inglês

10.2147/ndt.s104620

1178-2021

Lucia Margari, Francesco Craig, Francesco Margari, Anna Rosi Legrottaglie, Roberto Palumbi, Concetta de Giambattista,

Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Abstract: Executive dysfunction has been shown to be a promising endophenotype in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This article reviewed 26 studies that examined executive function comparing ASD and/or ADHD children. In light of findings from this review, the ASD + ADHD group appears to share impairment in both flexibility and planning with the ASD group, while it shares the response inhibition deficit with the ADHD group. Conversely, deficit in attention, working memory, preparatory processes, fluency, and concept formation does not appear to be distinctive in discriminating from ASD, ADHD, or ASD + ADHD group. On the basis of neurocognitive endophenotype, the common co-occurrence of executive function deficits seems to reflect an additive comorbidity, rather than a separate condition with distinct impairments. Keywords: executive function, autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ASD + ADHD, neurocognitive endophenotype