Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

PIRADS 2.0: what is new?

2015; Volume: 21; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês

10.5152/dir.2015.15099

1305-3612

Barış Türkbey, Peter L. Choyke,

Urologic and reproductive health conditions

rostate cancer continues to be the most common cancer type in men and the second leading cause of cancer death in American men (1).Currently, digital rectal exam and serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) are the standard screening methods for prostate cancer in men.Although this screening approach has led to increased detection of prostate cancer, there are also concerns that screening with PSA has not resulted in convincing survival benefits especially in view of the significant side effects associated with treatment (2).Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has been reported to be a useful adjunct to screening and in many studies it is reported to be useful in localizing and staging prostate cancer (3, 4).However, the success rate of mpMRI has been difficult to ascertain across the world due to a lack of uniformity in the acquisition and interpretation standards.In 2012 the European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) published the first Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PIRADS 1.0) guidelines in order to address this challenge (5).PIRADS 1.0 included assessment of T2-weighted MRI, diffusion-weighted MRI, dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI, and, as an option, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) separately for each lesion based on a 5-point scale.The total PIRADS 1.0 score was a summation of each of these scores resulting in a score range of 3-15 without MRS and 4-20 with MRS.PIRADS 1.0 has been validated in terms of accuracy by several groups with promising accuracy values for diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer.A recent meta-analysis of 14 studies (1785 patients) by Hamoen et al. ( 6) reported the pooled sensitivity and specificity for PIRADS 1.0 as 0.78 (95% CI, 0.70-0.84)and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.68-0.86),respectively.On the other hand, the interobserver agreement has been reported to be only moderate to good (7-9).Additionally, DCE MRI with curve type analysis, which is included in PIRADS 1.0, was found to be of little value for prostate cancer detection.Moreover, MRS was only rarely incorporated in the studies (10-12).Based on the results of these studies and clinical experience, an effort emerged to revise PIRADS 1.0.The PIRADS steering committee of the American College of Radiology (ACR) and the ESUR prostate MRI working group have diligently developed a revised version called PIRADS 2.0 which was made public in early 2015.While PIRADS 2.0 provides extensive information on how to acquire, interpret, and report mpMRI of the prostate, the highlights of the changes compared to PIRADS 1.0 are:1-Introduction of the concept of a "dominant sequence" depending on the location of a lesion; in the peripheral zone, the dominant sequence is diffusion-weighted MRI, whereas in the transition zone, the dominant sequence is T2-weighted MRI (Tables 1 and2).