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First Report of Puccinia hemerocallidis Causing Daylily Rust in Europe

2016; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 100; Issue: 10 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1094/pdis-02-16-0242-pdn

1943-7692

Elisabete Silva, Rita Carvalho, Nathaskia Silva Pereira Nunes, Ana Paula Ramos, Pedro Talhinhas,

Plant Pathogens and Resistance

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 100, No. 10First Report of Puccinia hemerocallidis Causing Daylily Rust in Europe PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Puccinia hemerocallidis Causing Daylily Rust in EuropeE. Silva, R. Carvalho, N. Nunes, A. P. Ramos, and P. TalhinhasE. Silva, R. Carvalho, N. Nunes, A. P. Ramoshttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-5974-7481, and P. Talhinhashttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-6694-7502AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations E. Silva R. Carvalho , LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal N. Nunes , Direção Regional de Florestas e Conservação da Natureza, Secretaria Regional do Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais, Governo da Região Autónoma da Madeira, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal A. P. Ramos P. Talhinhas , LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal. Published Online:13 Jul 2016https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-16-0242-PDNAboutSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Starting in November 2015, rust symptoms were observed on daylily plants in gardens in Portugal, namely in the Lisbon and Tavira areas, and at Funchal on Madeira island. Diseased plants presented bright orange pustules frequently entirely covering the leaves of Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus L. plants (25 to 75% of leaf surface covered with pustules), with most plants symptomatic (85 to 90% of plants affected). Diseased plants were recorded in six out on nine gardens surveyed. Microscopic examination of pustules revealed the presence of urediniospores and teliospores. Uredinia were subepidermal and yellow or orange-yellow but soon erumpent and bright orange. Urediniospores were globose to ellipsoid, 19 to 24 × 16 to 21 µm, pale yellow, uniformly echinulate. Telia were subepidermal and blackish-brown. Teliospores were produced in locules, clavate to ellipsoid, 30 to 40 × 12 to 15 µm, pedicellate, and surrounded by brown paraphyses. Morphological characteristics match the description of Puccinia hemerocallidis von Thümen (EPPO 2009). Specimens were stored in the fungal collection of the "João de Carvalho e Vasconcelos" herbarium (LISI-Fungi) under accession numbers LISI-Fungi-00063 to 00066. Detached leaves of healthy H. lilioasphodelus and H. minor Mill plants (five leaves per species) were inoculated by spraying a urediniospore suspension as described by Mueller et al. (2003). Inoculated leaves were maintained in a wet chamber under darkness at 20°C. Uredinia were observed 4 days after inoculation on H. lilioasphodelus leaves and 12 days after inoculation on H. minor leaves. The experiment was repeated twice with similar results. Symptoms and the morphology of urediniospores were similar to those observed in field infections. Hemerocallis is a monocotyledonous genus originating from eastern Asia, with several species cultivated as perennial garden plants in many parts of the world, regarded by horticulturalists as easy to cultivate. Daylily rust has been reported from different areas of eastern and southeastern Asia, including Siberia (Russia) where P. hemerocallidis was first described in 1880 on H. fulva L. It was not until the 21st century that the disease was reported from all continents (in Australia, South Africa, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Panama, Canada, and the United States) (EPPO 2009) except Europe, where it is part of the A1 list of quarantine pests (EPPO 2015). The European Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) pointed out the risk of inoculum survival as urediniospores overwintering on foliage-retaining plants under mild winter conditions in southern European countries (EPPO 2009), similar to the scenario in the southern United States (Williams-Woodward et al. 2001). In cooler climates, where daylilies lose their leaves during winter, the disease cycle is naturally broken as urediniospores are unable to survive and overwintering teliospores fail to continue the P. hemerocallidis life cycle due to the virtual absence of the aecial host (Patrinia spp.) in Europe and North America (EPPO 2009). This represents the first report of this disease in Portugal and in Europe, raising concern on its dissemination into the European daylily industry (with over 2,000 European-bred cultivars), as most cultivars tested in the United States are susceptible (Blythe et al. 2015; Mueller et al. 2003).References:Blythe, E. K., et al. 2015. HortTechnology 25:551. Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarEPPO. 2009. EPPO Bull 39:48. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2009.02235.x Crossref, Google ScholarEPPO. 2015. EPPO A1 AND A2 lists of pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pests. EPPO, Paris. Google ScholarMueller, D. S., et al. 2003. HortScience 38:1137. Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarWilliams-Woodward, J. L., et al. 2001. Plant Dis. 85:1121. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.10.1121C Link, Google ScholarDetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 100, No. 10 October 2016SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Article History Issue Date: 26 Sep 2016Published: 13 Jul 2016First Look: 23 May 2016Accepted: 13 May 2016 Page: 2163 Information© 2016 The American Phytopathological SocietyCited byPuccinia hemerocallidis (daylily rust)CABI Compendium, Vol. CABI CompendiumPathological and Epidemiological Characterization of First Outbreak of Daylily Rust in Europe and Evaluation of Puccinia hemerocallidis Resistance in Hemerocallis Cultivars31 March 2020 | Plants, Vol. 9, No. 4Occurrence of Puccinia spp. spores in Madeira Island and their phytopathological importance19 September 2017 | European Journal of Plant Pathology, Vol. 150, No. 4