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Effect of cervical anchorage studied by the implant method.

1969; National Institutes of Health; Linguagem: Inglês

Birte Melsen, Hans Enemark,

Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics

Introduction Extraoral anchorage was revived as an important method for the establishment of normal molar relations following the works of Oppenheim (1936) and Kloehn (1947) . However, on the basis of cephalometric studies, the interpretation of the results obtained varied widely. Both intramaxillary tooth movement ( Epstein, 1948 ; Newcomb, 1955) and the effect on the entire alveolar process with ensuing reduction of alveolar prognathism ( Kloehn, 1947 ; Nelson, 1953 ; Graber, 1955 ; King, 1957 ; Blueher, 1959 ) were ascribed to the extraoral force. Klein (1959), Ricketts (1960) and Poulton (1967) claimed that the entire maxillary complex moved downwards and backwards by the pull of the headgear. Finally, it has been pointed out that it should be possible to change the growth pattern by a counterclockwise tilting of the spheno-ethmoidal plane after 3 to 4 years’ treatment with headgear ( Wieslander, 1963 ). That the type of headgear as well as the force applied and the direction of the pull may infl uence the result has been emphasised by Closson (1950) , Gould (1957) , Parker (1958) , Poulton (1959) , and others. Owing to the lack of reliable reference structures in the maxilla it is diffi cult to assess the effect of the extraoral force applied. It is thus impossible to distinguish intramaxillary tooth movements from changes in the alveolar process and shifts of the entire maxillary complex. However, by using implants in the maxilla as reference points, it is possible to measure with great accuracy the tooth movements which occur in the maxilla, and to distinguish these movements from growth changes of the maxillary complex. The purpose of the study presented here was fi rstly to clarify the effect of the application of the Kloehn headgear by means of the implant method, and secondly to fi nd Effect of cervical anchorage studied by the implant method