First Report of Cochliobolus sativus Causing Spot Blotch on Durum Wheat ( Triticum durum ) in The Yaqui Valley, Mexico
2016; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 100; Issue: 11 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1094/pdis-05-16-0634-pdn
ISSN1943-7692
AutoresEber D. Villa-Rodríguez, Cristina Lugo-Enríquez, Sergio de los Santos-Villalobos, Fannie Isela Parra-Cota, Pedro Figueroa-López,
Tópico(s)Plant Pathogens and Resistance
ResumoHomePlant DiseaseVol. 100, No. 11First Report of Cochliobolus sativus Causing Spot Blotch on Durum Wheat (Triticum durum) in The Yaqui Valley, Mexico PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Cochliobolus sativus Causing Spot Blotch on Durum Wheat (Triticum durum) in The Yaqui Valley, MexicoE. Villa-Rodriguez, C. Lugo-Enríquez, S. de los Santos-Villalobos, F. I. Parra-Cota, and P. Figueroa-LópezE. Villa-Rodriguez, C. Lugo-Enríquez, S. de los Santos-Villalobos, F. I. Parra-Cota, and P. Figueroa-LópezAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations E. Villa-Rodriguez C. Lugo-Enríquez , Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Col. Centro, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, México S. de los Santos-Villalobos , CONACYT-Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Col. Centro, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, México F. I. Parra-Cota P. Figueroa-López , Campo Experimental Norman E. Borlaug, Cd. Obregón, Sonora, México. Published Online:22 Aug 2016https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-16-0634-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat The Yaqui Valley, located at the southern end of Sonora State, is the most important agricultural region for wheat in Mexico, with a contribution of ∼40% (1.2 × 106 tons) of the national production (www.siap.gob.mx). Historically, Karnal bunt and leaf rust caused by Tilletia indica and Puccinia triticina, respectively, have been the major biotic constraints to wheat (Jímenez et al. 2011). However, from March to May of 2015, foliar symptoms and signs such as light to dark brown extended lesions, irregular-shaped leaf spots, and chlorosis in advanced stages of foliar infection were observed and collected on farmer's fields with spring wheat cv. CIRNO C2008 in the Yaqui Valley. The collected leaves were surface sterilized using 1% sodium hypochlorite for 1 min, and cut into 1-cm2 pieces, which were placed on potato dextrose agar (supplemented with 80 µg/ml of nalidixic acid), and incubated for 10 days at 28 ± 2°C. Five isolates were obtained from these samples, named TPQ 1 to 5, and deposited in the Colección de Microorganismos Edáficos y Endófitos Nativos, COLMENA (www.itson.edu.mx/colmena). Morphological characteristics commonly describing Cochliobolus sativus (anamorph = Bipolaris sorokiniana), such as i) loose cottony mass, light grayish colonies for initial growth to olive or dark brown; and ii) straight, ellipsoidal, slightly curved, and olive to dark brown conidia with 3 to 10 septa (Farr and Rossman 2016), were observed in the five isolates obtained. Pathogenicity assays were conducted for each isolate in aseptic conditions, inoculating 1 × 103 conidia/ml on the foliage of six 30-day-old wheat cv. CIRNO C2008 plants with 12/12-h light/dark photoperiod (a negative control was sprayed with sterilized water). After 8 days, symptoms of spot blotch were observed on all leaf tissue of inoculated plants, recovering each isolate inoculated from these tissues, confirming i) the high virulence of these isolates and ii) their role as the causal agents of the symptoms. The molecular characterization of these causal agents was carried out amplifying the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region, using the primers ITS1 and ITS4. The amplified fragments (∼530 bp) showed high similarity (100%) and coverage (99%) to C. sativus. The obtained sequences were deposited in NCBI GenBank: TPQ1 (KX137834), TPQ2 (KX137835), TPQ3 (KX137836), TPQ4 (KX137837), and TPQ5 (KX137838). Although symptoms such as common root rot had been observed previously in the region suggesting C. sativus as the causal agent, this is the first report confirming that this fungus is the causal agent of spot blotch on durum wheat in the Yaqui Valley. The high temperature (+1°C of the average temperature) and relative humidity (from 60 to 100%) presented during 2015 were probably the major driving forces for this fungi outbreak. The soil moisture and relative humidity is expected to decrease 10% by 2080 (http://www.ipcc.ch/index.htm), which will not restrict this pathogen's incidence. Thus, C. sativus is expected to become an important biotic constraint for wheat production in this region. For this reason, it is necessary to start working toward the development of sustainable alternatives to control future outbreaks.References:Farr, D. F., and Rossman, A. Y. 2016. Fungal Databases. Syst. Mycol. Microbiol. Lab., ARS, USDA. Retrieved from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/, April 2016. Google ScholarJímenez, C., et al. 2011. Agronomía del Trigo en el Sur de Sonora. INIFAP, DF, México. 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