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Chemoproteomic Strategy to Quantitatively Monitor Transnitrosation Uncovers Functionally Relevant S -Nitrosation Sites on Cathepsin D and HADH2

2016; Elsevier BV; Volume: 23; Issue: 6 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.05.008

2451-9456

Yani Zhou, Sarah L. Wynia‐Smith, Shalise M. Couvertier, Kelsey Kalous, Michael A. Marletta, Brian C. Smith, Eranthie Weerapana,

Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling

S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is an endogenous transnitrosation donor involved in S-nitrosation of a variety of cellular proteins, thereby regulating diverse protein functions. Quantitative proteomic methods are necessary to establish which cysteine residues are most sensitive to GSNO-mediated transnitrosation. Here, a competitive cysteine-reactivity profiling strategy was implemented to quantitatively measure the sensitivity of >600 cysteine residues to transnitrosation by GSNO. This platform identified a subset of cysteine residues with a high propensity for GSNO-mediated transnitrosation. Functional characterization of previously unannotated S-nitrosation sites revealed that S-nitrosation of a cysteine residue distal to the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type 2 (HADH2) active site impaired catalytic activity. Similarly, S-nitrosation of a non-catalytic cysteine residue in the lysosomal aspartyl protease cathepsin D (CTSD) inhibited proteolytic activation. Together, these studies revealed two previously uncharacterized cysteine residues that regulate protein function, and established a chemical-proteomic platform with capabilities to determine substrate specificity of other cellular transnitrosation agents.