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Estudio sinecológico del bosque de roble-laurel-lingue del centro-sur de Chile

1991; Austral University of Chile; Volume: 12; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Espanhol

10.4206/bosque.1991.v12n2-02

0717-9200

Cristina San Martin, Carlos Ramírez, Heriberto Figueroa, Nelson Ojeda,

Botany and Plant Ecology Studies

The mixed partially deciduous roble-laurel-lingue forest (Nothofago-Perseetum linguae) covered the Intermediate Depression in south-central Chile between the cities of Victoria and Puerto Montt.This primitive distribution area was strongly reduced to obtain agriculture and pasture lands.In order to promote the preservation of these endangered plant associations, a floristic and vegetational description was made on the basis of 52 vegetation samples, taken with the Braun-Blanquet phytosociological method in stands of the provinces of Cautín, Valdivia, Osorno and Llanquihue.The flora have 158 species, 80% of them are native and the remaining 20% foreign.The most important trees are: Nothofagus obliqua, Luma apiculata, Persea lingue and Laurelia sempervirens.Among the lianen Chusquea quila and Lapageria rosea, stand out the former because its his high cover and the latter because its frequency.Rubus constrictus and Agrostis capillaris are important species belonging to the foreign elements introduced in these forest stands.Phanerophytes and hemicryptophytes dominate in the biological spectrum.The presence of therophytes with scarce cover, but with many species indicates xeric conditions.The forest is polystratified with a deciduous superior tree layer and a evergreen inferior tree layer.Furthermore, scrub, herb and moss layers are found.Eleven lianen species interconect these layers.The ordering obtained with the principal components analysis, indicates the influence of many environmental factors on the microdistribution of the plant species.The most important are temperature and humidity.The phytosociological ordering separated the few primitive stands from the more intervened ones.Also those with ecotonal characters of the coihue-ulmo forest (Nothofago-Eucryphietum cordifoliae) of the "ñadi" soils from those of the temo-pitra forest (Blepharocalyo-Myrceugenietum exsuccae) of the "hualves".The floristic analysis and the structure of the stands indicates that the majority of them are secondary.However, abundant regeneration of the tree species was found.Finally, a possible secondary anthropogenic degradation is proposed and the conservation of these forest associations is recommended. RESUMENEl bosque de roble-laurel-lingue (Nothofago-Perseetum linguae Tomaselli, 1981) es una asociación mixta, par cialmente caducifolia, que ocupó toda la Depresión Intermedia del centro-sur de Chile, entre las ciudades de Victoria y Puerto Montt.Esta área original ha sido drásticamente reducida por la habilitación de tierras agrícolas y ganaderas.Para promover la conservación de esta asociación boscosa, amenazada de extinción, se hace una descrip ción florística y vegetacional de ella, sobre la base de 52 censos de vegetación levantados con la metodología fitosociológica de Braun-Blanquet, en rodales de las provincias de Cautín, Valdivia, Osorno y Llanquihue.La flora de la asociación está integrada por 158 especies, de las cuales un 80% es autóctono y el 20% restante alóctono.Los árboles más importantes son Nothofagus obliqua, Luma apiculata, Persea lingue y Laurelia sem pervirens.Entre las-trepadoras destacan Chusquea quila por su alta cobertura y Lapageria rosea, por su frecuen cia.Rubus constrictus y Agrostis capillaris son importantes especies del elemento alóctono asilvestrado en los rodales.En el espectro biológico dominan fanerófitos y hemicriptófitos.La presencia de terófitos, aunque con escasa cobertura, demuestra condiciones xéricas.El bosque es pluriestratificado, con un estrato arbóreo superior caducifolio y uno inferior perennifolio.Además, se agregan estratos arbustivos, herbáceos y uno muscinal.Once especies de trepadoras conectan estos estratos.