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Premature mortality in India due to PM 2.5 and ozone exposure

2016; American Geophysical Union; Volume: 43; Issue: 9 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1002/2016gl068949

1944-8007

Sachin D. Ghude, D. M. Chate, Chinmay Jena, Gufran Beig, Rajesh Kumar, M. C. Barth, Gabriele Pfister, Suvarna Fadnavis, Prakash Pithani,

Global Health Care Issues

Abstract This bottom‐up modeling study, supported by new population census 2011 data, simulates ozone (O 3 ) and fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) exposure on local to regional scales. It quantifies, present‐day premature mortalities associated with the exposure to near‐surface PM 2.5 and O 3 concentrations in India using a regional chemistry model. We estimate that PM 2.5 exposure leads to about 570,000 (CI95: 320,000–730,000) premature mortalities in 2011. On a national scale, our estimate of mortality by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to O 3 exposure is about 12,000 people. The Indo‐Gangetic region accounts for a large part (~42%) of the estimated mortalities. The associated lost life expectancy is calculated as 3.4 ± 1.1 years for all of India with highest values found for Delhi (6.3 ± 2.2 years). The economic cost of estimated premature mortalities associated with PM 2.5 and O 3 exposure is about 640 (350–800) billion USD in 2011, which is a factor of 10 higher than total expenditure on health by public and private expenditure.