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First Report of Table Grape Blue Mold Caused by Penicillium sumatrense in Iran

2016; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 101; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1094/pdis-02-16-0214-pdn

1943-7692

Safarali Mahdian, Doustmorad Zafari,

Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 101, No. 1First Report of Table Grape Blue Mold Caused by Penicillium sumatrense in Iran PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Table Grape Blue Mold Caused by Penicillium sumatrense in IranS. Mahdian and D. ZafariS. MahdianSearch for more papers by this author and D. ZafariSearch for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations S. Mahdian D. Zafari , Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Buali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. Published Online:7 Nov 2016https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-16-0214-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most important fruit crops grown in Iran. According to recent statistics of the world food organization, 3,000 ha of grapes were grown in Iran in 2012, making the country the ninth largest producer of grapes in the world. Blue mold of grapes is widespread in Iran and reduces yield and quality. Weather conditions and control strategies influence the severity of losses, which can vary between vineyards. Penicillium species are a major cause of deterioration and decay among a wide range of postharvest plant products, particularly fruits such as grape. In July 2014, symptoms of berry cracking and blue mold were observed on table grapes grown in a grapevine arboretum in Hamedan Province (34°52′ N; 48°32′ E), Iran. Symptoms began as small, round, water-soaked lesions, and over 4 to 6 days enlarged gradually in diameter, developed into soft, blue mycelium near the center of infection sites. Fungal strains were isolated from the symptomatic tissues by surface-sterilizing in 0.5% NaOCl for 1 min, rinsing in sterile water three times, plating on potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubating at 23°C for 7 days. Further morphological observation on Czapek yeast extract agar (CYA; K2HPO4 1.0 g, Czapek concentrate 10 mg, yeast extract 5 g, sucrose 30 g, agar 15 g, distilled water 1 liter) and malt extract agar (MEA) showed colony diameters between 30 and 45 mm on CYA at 25°C, 21 and 22 mm on MEA at 25°C, and no growth on CYA at 37°C after 7 days. On CYA, centers of colonies were somewhat raised, radially sulcate, velutinous, center floccose, margin narrow, entire, mycelium pale yellow to pastel yellow. Exudate and soluble pigments were absent. Conidiogenesis was abundant, dark green, smooth to finely roughened, thin walled; penicilli mostly biverticillate, sometimes monoverticillate; metulae (9 to 30 × 2 to 3 µm) in verticils of 2 to 5, smooth; phialides (7 to 9 × 2 to 4 µm) in verticils of 3 to 21, ampulliform, smooth. Conidia (2.0 to 3.6 µm) were subspheroidal, finely roughened, thin walled, and borne in compact slender columns (Houbraken et al. 2010). Based on morphological characteristics, the pathogen was identified as Penicillium sumatrense. Molecular identification of the isolated fungus was conducted based on β-tubulin gene (BENB) sequence. The β-tubulin sequence (GenBank accession no. KU715285) shared 100% similarity to P. sumatrense (JN606641.1). A pathogenicity test was conducted on detached shoots (13 to 15 cm in length). Each 20 cm sterile petri dish contained three small shoots, each with 10 berries. Grape shoots were sprayed with a spore suspension (1 × 106 spores/ml), while control treatments were sprayed with sterile water. Blue mold symptoms appeared after 7 days of incubation at 25°C and P. sumatrense was successfully reisolated from artificially infected shoots, while control shoots remained symptomless. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. sumatrense as a blue mold on grape in Iran.Reference:Houbraken, J., et al. 2010. Fungal Divers. 44:117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-010-0047-z Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarDetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 101, No. 1 January 2017SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Article History Issue Date: 22 Dec 2016Published: 7 Nov 2016First Look: 21 Jun 2016Accepted: 12 Jun 2016 Pages: 244-244 Information© 2017 The American Phytopathological SocietyCited byEffect of supercritical CO2 fractionation of Tahiti lemon (Citrus latifolia Tanaka) essential oil on its antifungal activity against predominant molds from pan breadFood Research International, Vol. 162Characterization of two 1,3-β-glucan-modifying enzymes from Penicillium sumatraense reveals new insights into 1,3-β-glucan metabolism of fungal saprotrophs12 December 2022 | Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts, Vol. 15, No. 1Penicillium steckiiCABI Compendium, Vol. CABI CompendiumAn assessment of the air quality in apple warehouses: new records of Aspergillus europaeus, Aspergillus pulverulentus, Penicillium allii and Penicillium sumatraense as decay agents17 September 2021 | Archives of Microbiology, Vol. 203, No. 10Classification of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces and related genera (Eurotiales): An overview of families, genera, subgenera, sections, series and speciesStudies in Mycology, Vol. 95Phytopathogenic and antagonistic potentialities of fungi associated with pistachio bark beetle, Chaetoptelius vestitus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), infesting pistachio ( Pistacia vera ) in Tunisia29 April 2019 | Journal of Applied Microbiology, Vol. 126, No. 6First Report of Blue Mold on Sparassis crispa Caused by Penicillium sumatrense in ChinaJ. 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