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Studies on North American Polystomidae, Aspidogastridae, and Paramphistomidae

1917; Linguagem: Inglês

10.5962/bhl.title.16801

0073-4748

Horace W. Stunkard,

Hemiptera Insect Studies

In 1758 Roesel von Rosenhof described and figured a "leech" from the urinary bladder of the frog.This is regarded as identical with the well known European parasite of the urinary bladder of the frog, described by Frohlich (1791) as Linguahda integerrimum.M. Braun (1792) described Planaria iniciniilata from the urinary bladder of the green water-frog and his description is so specific that there can be no doubt that he had the same form described by Frohlich the previous year.Zeder (1800) founded the genus Polystoma to contain the three species, Linguatula integerrimum Frohlich which he rechristened Poly- stoma ranae, P. serratitm, and P. pinguicola.According to Stiles and Hassall (1908) the type was clearly intended to be P. ranae = Planaria jtncinulata, and altho Braun had described the form correctly with the suckers and hooks at the posterior end of the body, Zeder erroneously stated in his characterization of the genus that the suckers were at the anterior end.P. serratum had been designated by Frohlich (1789) as type of the genus Linguatula and P. pinguicola had been designated by Treutler (1793) as type of the genus Hexathyridium.That Zeder was in error in including these species in the genus Polystoma was demonstrated by later studies.However Rudolphi (1809) retained them in the genus Polystoma and listed three other species: P. taenoides Rud., P. denticulatum, Rud., and P. venarum (Treutler 1793) Zeder 1803.Among these species, it is probable that Treutler 's description was of an artifact rather than a parasite, and the other two have been removed to the Linguatulidae.Polystoma thynii was described from the gills of Scomber thynnus by Delaroche' (1811).Rudolphi (1819) renamed this species P. duplica- tum and added a new species P. ocellatum from the throat of Emys europa.This species is regarded as identical with that described by Kuhl and Hassalt (1822) from the nasal cavity of Ilalichelys atra.P. logiginis was described by delle Chiaje (1823) from Loligo vulgaris.Blainville (1828) oriented the polystomes correctly and transferred P. integerrimum, P. ocellatum, and P. thynii to a new genus Hexaeotyle,