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Climate changes in mangrove forests and salt marshes

2016; UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO; Volume: 64; Issue: spe2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1590/s1679-875920160919064sp2

1982-436X

Yara Schaeffer-Novelli, Eduardo Juan Soriano-Sierra, Cláudia Câmara do Vale, Elaine Bernini, André Rovai, Marcelo Antônio Amaro Pinheiro, Anders Jensen Schmidt, Renato de Almeida, Clemente Coelho Júnior, Ricardo Palamar Menghini, Diego Igawa Martinez, Guilherme Moraes de Oliveira Abuchahla, Marília Cunha-Lignon, Sarah Charlier-Sarubo, Jussara Shirazawa-Freitas, Gilberto Cintrón-Molero,

Land Use and Ecosystem Services

Abstract This synthesis is framed within the scope of the Brazilian Benthic Coastal Habitat Monitoring Network (ReBentos WG 4: Mangroves and Salt Marshes), focusing on papers that examine biodiversity-climate interactions as well as human-induced factors including those that decrease systemic resilience. The goal is to assess difficulties related to the detection of climate and early warning signals from monitoring data. We also explored ways to circumvent some of the obstacles identified. Exposure and sensitivity of mangrove and salt marsh species and ecosystems make them extremely vulnerable to environmental impacts and potential indicators of sea level and climate-driven environmental change. However, the interpretation of shifts in mangroves and salt marsh species and systemic attributes must be scrutinized considering local and setting-level energy signature changes; including disturbance regime and local stressors, since these vary widely on a regional scale. The potential for adaptation and survival in response to climate change depends, in addition to the inherent properties of species, on contextual processes at the local, landscape, and regional levels that support resilience. Regardless of stressor type, because of the convergence of social and ecological processes, coastal zones should be targeted for anticipatory action to reduce risks and to integrate these ecosystems into adaptation strategies. Management must be grounded on proactive mitigation and collaborative action based on long-term ecosystem-based studies and well-designed monitoring programs that can 1) provide real-time early warning and 2) close the gap between simple correlations that provide weak inferences and process-based approaches that can yield increasingly reliable attribution and improved levels of anticipation.