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First Report of Tomato Brown Root Rot Complex Caused by Colletotrichum coccodes and Pyrenochaeta lycopersici in Ohio

2016; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 101; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1094/pdis-05-16-0623-pdn

1943-7692

Claudio Vrisman, Anna L. Testen, F. Elahi, Sally A. Miller,

Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 101, No. 1First Report of Tomato Brown Root Rot Complex Caused by Colletotrichum coccodes and Pyrenochaeta lycopersici in Ohio PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Tomato Brown Root Rot Complex Caused by Colletotrichum coccodes and Pyrenochaeta lycopersici in OhioC. M. Vrisman, A. L. Testen, F. Elahi, and S. A. MillerC. M. Vrisman, A. L. Testen, F. Elahi, and S. A. Millerhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-9611-0535AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations C. M. Vrisman A. L. Testen F. Elahi S. A. Miller , Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691. Published Online:17 Oct 2016https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-16-0623-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Continuous production of tomato in soil-based protected culture systems can lead to the development of fungal root rot complexes. In May 2015, wilted tomato 'Red Deuce' plants were received in the OSU Vegetable Pathology Laboratory from a high tunnel in Highland County, OH. Heirloom tomato plants with similar symptoms were observed in a greenhouse in Huron County, OH, in summer 2015. Roots exhibited banded, dark brown necrotic areas, longitudinal and lateral cracking, presence of sclerotia, and reduced growth. Symptomatic 'Red Deuce' roots were plated on half-strength acidified potato dextrose agar (aPDA) after disinfestation in 10% sodium hypochlorite followed by 70% ethanol, for 1 min each. Following incubation at room temperature, two distinct fungal colony types were observed. One colony type exhibited white aerial mycelia with many unicellular, aseptate conidia (15.2 to 22.8 × 5.1 to 7.6 µm), and sclerotia (<0.3 mm diameter), characteristic of Colletotrichum coccodes (Dillard and Cobb 1998). The second was irregular in shape, composed of slow-growing, dark gray, sterile mycelia in colonies that appeared dark gray to black and cracked on the underside, characteristic of Pyrenochaeta lycopersici. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was amplified from one isolate of each colony type using ITS5 (GGAAGTAAAAGTCGTAACAAGG) and ITS4 (TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC) primers and sequenced. Partial actin (ACT) (Carbone and Kohn 1999) and beta-tubulin (TUB2) (Woudenberg et al. 2009) genes from the putative C. coccodes isolate were also amplified and sequenced. Sequences obtained were identical to those of GenBank accessions of C. coccodes (JX546820, JX546642, and JX546866 for ITS, ACT, and TUB2, respectively) and P. lycopersici (ITS: JF740261). Sequences were deposited in GenBank (ITS: KU501308-09, ACT: KX702134, and TUB2: KX702135). To test pathogenicity, inoculum suspensions were prepared from 14-day-old cultures grown on aPDA. Pathogens were drench-inoculated individually onto five 4-week-old tomato 'Hypeel 676' plants using a 1 ml suspension of C. coccodes (2.5 × 105 conidia ml–1 and 1.8 × 103 sclerotia ml–1), or 10 'Bonny Best' plants each using 5 ml P. lycopersici slurry (two 45 mm diameter colonies in 100 ml sterile water). Five control plants were drenched with sterile water. Roots were wounded with a scalpel prior to inoculation. Pots were kept in a greenhouse at 28°C for 52 (C. coccodes) or 45 days (P. lycopersici). Sclerotia were observed on the taproot of plants inoculated with C. coccodes. Plants inoculated with P. lycopersici developed brown, corky, banded lesions on the roots and crown. Reisolated fungi were morphologically identical to isolates obtained from the original samples, thereby confirming Koch's postulates. No pathogens were isolated from control plants. The brown root rot complex, which contains C. coccodes and P. lycopersici, has been reported in greenhouse production of tomato and eggplant in Europe (Last and Ebben 1966; Malathrakis et al. 1983). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the tomato brown root rot complex in Ohio, an emerging fungal disease complex that reduces yield and will impact the sustainability of tomatoes grown in long-term protected culture.References:Carbone, L., and Kohn, L. 1999. Mycologia 91:553. https://doi.org/10.2307/3761358 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarDillard, H. R., and Cobb, A. C. 1998. Plant Dis. 82:235. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.2.235 Link, ISI, Google ScholarLast, F. T., and Ebben, M. H. 1966. Ann. Appl. Biol. 57:95. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1966.tb06870.x Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarMalathrakis, N. E., et al. 1983. Ann. Appl. Biol. 102:251. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1983.tb02691.x Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarWoudenberg, J. H. C., et al. 2009. Persoonia 22:56. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158509X427808 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarDetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 101, No. 1 January 2017SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Article History Issue Date: 22 Dec 2016Published: 17 Oct 2016First Look: 29 Aug 2016Accepted: 19 Aug 2016 Pages: 247-247 Information© 2017 The American Phytopathological SocietyCited byMajor Soilborne Pathogens of Field Processing Tomatoes and Management Strategies19 January 2023 | Microorganisms, Vol. 11, No. 2Colletotrichum coccodes (black dot of potato)CABI Compendium, Vol. CABI CompendiumPyrenochaeta lycopersici (brown root: tomato rot)CABI Compendium, Vol. CABI CompendiumOn-Farm Evaluations of Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation and Grafting for Management of a Widespread Soilborne Disease Complex in Protected Culture Tomato ProductionAnna L. Testen, Marlia Bosques Martínez, Alejandra Jiménez Madrid, Loïc Deblais, Christopher G. Taylor, Pierce A. Paul, and Sally A. 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