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Neue Untersuchungen über die spät- und postglaziale Vegetationsgeschichte im Gebiet zwischen Harz und Leine (BRD)

1988; Elsevier BV; Volume: 181; Issue: 3-4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/s0367-2530(17)30361-4

1618-0585

Su-Hwa Chen,

Geology and Paleoclimatology Research

Lake sediments and peat layers of 4 sink holes from 3 localities in the Leinebergland SW of the Harz Mountains have been investigated by pollen analysis: the former Luttersee (Eichsfeld), 2 sink holes at Lüderholz between Herzberg and Osterode and the Silberhohl near Seesen. The latter 3 localities are situated at the edge of the Harz Mountains, the first one about 15km SW of that mountainous area. The investigations comprise detailed pollen analytical studies on the 4 profiles, an analysis of the differences in the regional history of vegetation and informations about the history of human activities. The deposition of pollen containing sediments dates back to the beginning of the Oldest Dry as Period in the Luttersee, to the Younger Dry as Period in Lüderholz and to the end of the Atlantic Period only in the Silberhohl sink hole. The Boelling Interstadial as represented in the sediments of the Luttersee is characterized by the prevalence of Betula, probably Betula nana only. Pinus immigrated into the Eichsfeld area during the Alleroed Period but disappeared again in the Younger Dryas Period. Pinus came back to the Eichsfeld area during the Preboreal Period with some delay. Therefore and due to the subsequent expansion of oak and elm the role Pinus played in the Eichsfeld area was relatively unimportant. In contrast, the establishment of Pinus forests at the edge of the Harz Montains occurred earlier than in the Eichsfeld area and was finished a long time before the mixed oak forest species started to expand. Tilia values are higher at the edge of the Harz Mountains than in the Eichsfeld area. Tilia cordata was the most important species during the time of first linden immigration and spreading. Beginning with the Atlantic Period, however, the importance of Tilia platyphyllos increased distinctly. The period of early neolithic settlements in the Eichsfeld area was dated to about 6,680 ± 150 BP. At that time, Triticum and Hordeum were the most important cultivated plants. Periods of settlements were also found for the younger Neolithic period and the Bronce Age as well as for the pPe-roman Iron Age and the Roman period. In general the settlements of the Eichsfeld area were more intensive than those nearer to the Harz Mountains. The migration period could be detected pollenanalytically for the Eichsfeld region as well as for the Seesen area. Farming of cereals seems to have played a more important role in the Eichsfeld area than at the edge of the Harz Mountains, where cattle breeding may have been of greater importance. The late mediaeval desertation in the 15th century and that during the 30years war could be found only in the Seesen area. The decline of Carpinus during early mediaeval times is due to forest clearence. Carpinus spread again in the Seesen area during the late mediaeval period of desertation but there is no evidence for such a hornbeam expansion in the Eichsfeld area.