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Determining crystal structures through crowdsourcing and coursework

2016; Nature Portfolio; Volume: 7; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1038/ncomms12549

2041-1723

Scott Horowitz, Brian Koepnick, Raoul Martin, Agnes Tymieniecki, Amanda A. Winburn, Seth Cooper, Jeff Flatten, David Rogawski, Nicole M. Koropatkin, Tsinatkeab T. Hailu, Neha Jain, Philipp Koldewey, Logan S. Ahlstrom, Matthew R. Chapman, Andrew P. Sikkema, Meredith A. Skiba, Finn P. Maloney, Felix R. M. Beinlich, Ahmet Çağlar, Alan Coral, Alice Elizabeth Jensen, Allen Lubow, Amanda Boitano, Amy Elizabeth Lisle, Andrew T. Maxwell, Barb Failer, Bartosz Kaszubowski, Bohdan Hrytsiv, Brancaccio Vincenzo, Breno Renan de Melo Cruz, Brian Joseph McManus, Bruno Kestemont, Carl Vardeman, Casey Comisky, Catherine Neilson, Catherine R. Landers, Christopher Ince, Daniel Jon Buske, Daniel Totonjian, David Marshall Copeland, David A. B. Murray, Dawid Jagieła, Dietmar Janz, Douglas Craig Wheeler, Élie Cali, Emmanuel Croze, Farah Rezae, Floyd Orville Martin, Gil Beecher, Guido Alexander de Jong, Guy Ykman, Harald Feldmann, Hugo Paul Perez Chan, Istvan Kovanecz, Ivan Vasilchenko, James C. Connellan, Jami Lynne Borman, Jane Norrgard, Jebbie Kanfer, Jeffrey M. Canfield, Jesse Slone, Jimmy Oh, Joanne Mitchell, John H. Bishop, John Douglas Kroeger, Jonas Schinkler, Joseph K. McLaughlin, June M. Brownlee, Justin A. Bell, Karl Willem Fellbaum, Kathleen Harper, Kirk J. Abbey, Lennart E. Isaksson, Linda Wei, Lisa N. Cummins, Lori Anne Miller, Lyn Bain, L. A. Carpenter, Maarten Desnouck, Manasa G. Sharma, Marcus Belcastro, Martin Szew, Martin Szew, Matthew Britton, Matthias Gaebel, Max S. Power, M. Cassidy, Michael Pfützenreuter, Michele Minett, Michiel Wesselingh, Minjune Yi, Neil Haydn Tormey Cameron, Nicholas I. Bolibruch, Noah Benevides, Norah Kathleen Kerr, Nova Barlow, Nykole Krystyne Crevits, Paul Dunn, Paulo Sergio Silveira Belo Nascimen Roque, Peter Riber, Petri Pikkanen, Raafay Shehzad, Randy Viosca, Robert James Fraser, Robert Leduc, Roman Madala, Scott Shnider, Sharon de Boisblanc, Slava Butkovich, Spencer Bliven, Stephen Hettler, Stephen Telehany, Steven A. Schwegmann, Steven Parkes, Susan C. Kleinfelter, Sven Michael Holst, T. J. A. van der Laan, Thomas Bausewein, Vera Simon, Warwick Pulley, William E. Hull, Annes Yukyung Kim, Alexis Lawton, Amanda Ruesch, Anjali Sundar, Anna-Lisa Lawrence, Antara Afrin, Bhargavi Maheshwer, Bilal Turfe, Christian Huebner, Courtney Elizabeth Killeen, Dalia Antebi-Lerrman, Danny Luan, Derek Wolfe, Duc Minh Pham, Elaina Michewicz, Elizabeth Hull, Emily Pardington, Galal Galal, Grace Y. Sun, Grace Chen, Halie E. Anderson, Jane P. Chang, Jeffrey Thomas Hewlett, Jennifer M. Sterbenz, Jiho Lim, Joshua Morof, Junho Lee, Juyoung Samuel Inn, Kaitlin Hahm, Kaitlin Roth, Karun Nair, Katherine Markin, K. Dahl Schramm, Kevin Toni Eid, Kristina Gam, Lisha Murphy, Lucy Yuan, Lulia A. Kana, Lynn Daboul, Mario K. Shammas, Max Chason, Moaz Sinan, Nicholas Andrew Tooley, Nisha Korakavi, Patrick Comer, Pragya Magur, Quresh Savliwala, Reid Michael Davison, Roshun Rajiv Sankaran, Sam Lee, Saule Tamkus, Shirley Chen, S.C. Harvey, Sin Ye Hwang, Sohrab Vatsia, Stefan Withrow, Tahra K Luther, Taylor Manett, Thomas J. Johnson, Timothy Ryan Brash, Wyatt Kuhlman, Yeonjung Park, Zoran Popović, David Baker, Firas Khatib, James C.A. Bardwell,

Machine Learning in Bioinformatics

We show here that computer game players can build high-quality crystal structures. Introduction of a new feature into the computer game Foldit allows players to build and real-space refine structures into electron density maps. To assess the usefulness of this feature, we held a crystallographic model-building competition between trained crystallographers, undergraduate students, Foldit players and automatic model-building algorithms. After removal of disordered residues, a team of Foldit players achieved the most accurate structure. Analysing the target protein of the competition, YPL067C, uncovered a new family of histidine triad proteins apparently involved in the prevention of amyloid toxicity. From this study, we conclude that crystallographers can utilize crowdsourcing to interpret electron density information and to produce structure solutions of the highest quality.