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Prevalence of driving under the influence of psychoactive substances and road traffic crashes among Brazilian crack-using drivers

2016; Elsevier BV; Volume: 168; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.017

1879-0046

Juliana Nichterwitz Scherer, Roberta Bristot Silvestrin, Felipe Ornell, Vinícius Serafini Roglio, Tanara Vieira Sousa, Lísia von Diemen, Félix Henrique Paim Kessler, Flávio Pechansky,

Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research

Substance use disorders are associated with the increased risk of driving under the influence (DUI), but little is known about crack-cocaine and its relationship with road traffic crashes (RTC).A multicenter sample of 765 crack-cocaine users was recruited in six Brazilian capitals in order to estimate the prevalence of DUI and RTC involvement. Legal, psychiatric, and drug-use aspects related with traffic safety were evaluated using the Addiction Severity Index - 6th version (ASI-6) and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview.Seventy-six (28.3%) current drivers reported accident involvement following crack-cocaine use. Among drivers (n=269), 45.7% and 30.5% reported DUIs in the past 6 months and 30 days, respectively. Drivers reporting DUI's in the past month (n=82) had higher scores in the "psychiatric", "legal", and "family problems" subscales from the ASI-6, and lower scores in the "family social support" subscale in comparison to those without a history of DUIs (n=187). An overall high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity and substance consumption was observed. Participants with 5+ years of crack-cocaine use were more likely to have been in a RTC (RR=1.52, 95%IC: 1.02-2.75), independently of marijuana use, binge drinking and psychiatric comorbidities.The high prevalence of RTC and DUI involvement among crack-using drivers supports the idea that they are at a high risk group regarding traffic safety. Years of crack consumption seem to be associated with RTC involvement. Also, the presence of psychiatric comorbidities, poly-drug use, and cognitive impairment usually associated with crack addiction could yield additional risk of accidents.