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La Falacia Modélica (y su origen) según Bergson (The Model Fallacy (and Its Origin) According to Bergson)

2016; RELX Group (Netherlands); Linguagem: Inglês

1556-5068

García Landa, José Ángel,

Philosophical and Theoretical Analysis

Spanish abstract: En el ultimo capitulo de 'L'Evolution creatrice' (1907) Henri Bergson realiza una critica radical del idealismo transcendentalista que domina la filosofia occidental desde los griegos, con vistas a sentar una teoria evolucionista de la emergencia de la complejidad que incluya toda la experiencia mental, incluidos los objetos ideales. El alcance de esta critica al idealismo se ha subestimado por una incomprension del rechazo que plantea Bergson a la existencia trascendental de leyes fisicas o de principios como los que rigen las matematicas. En este articulo relacionamos la critica al idealismo efectuada por Bergson (que tomamos como una formulacion ejemplar de la critica a la denominada 'falacia modelica') con otras criticas a esta falacia que consiste en ultima instancia en la confusion entre el significante y el significado, que da lugar a una hipostatizacion del significado. Por ultimo, senalamos la manera en que Bergson presenta un importante fundamento filosofico para una teoria radical del emergentismo evolucionista en las ciencias fisicas tal como la que plantean Roberto Mangabeira Unger y Lee Smolin en su libro 'The Singular Universe and the Reality of Time' (2015).English abstract: In the last chapter of 'L'Evolution creatrice' (1907) Henri Bergson carries out a radical critique of the transcendentalist idealism which has dominated Western philosophy since its Greek origins. This is done in order to lay down the foundations of an evolutionary theory of the emergence of complexity which may comprise the whole of mental experience, including ideal objects. The far-reaching consequences of this critique of idealism have been underestimated due to a lack of understanding of Bergson's rejection of the transcendental existence of physical laws or of such principles as govern mathematics. In this paper we relate Bergson's critique of idealism (which we take to be an exemplary formulation of what we call the 'model fallacy') to other critiques of this fallacy, which consists in the last analysis in a confusion between the signifier and the signified giving rise to a hypostatization of the signified. As a conclusion, the paper points out that Bergson provides a major philosophical foundation for a radical theory of evolutionary emergentism in the physical sciences, such as is presented in 'The Singular Universe and the Reality of Time' by Roberto Mangabeira Unger and Lee Smolin (2015).