First Report of Diplodia corticola Causing Canker and Dieback of Quercus ilex , Q. petraea , and Q. suber in Corsica (France)
2016; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 101; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1094/pdis-07-16-1076-pdn
ISSN1943-7692
AutoresBenedetto Teodoro Linaldeddu, Lucia Maddau, A. Franceschini,
Tópico(s)Forest Insect Ecology and Management
ResumoHomePlant DiseaseVol. 101, No. 1First Report of Diplodia corticola Causing Canker and Dieback of Quercus ilex, Q. petraea, and Q. suber in Corsica (France) PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Diplodia corticola Causing Canker and Dieback of Quercus ilex, Q. petraea, and Q. suber in Corsica (France)B. T. Linaldeddu, L. Maddau, and A. FranceschiniB. T. Linaldeddu, L. Maddau, and A. FranceschiniAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations B. T. Linaldeddu L. Maddau A. Franceschini , Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy. Published Online:3 Nov 2016https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-16-1076-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat A survey in declining oak forests of Quercus ilex, Q. petraea, and Q. suber in Corsica (France) was carried out in October 2013. Twenty botryosphaeriaceous fungal isolates were obtained from 22 diseased trees (12 Q. suber, 5 Q. ilex, and 5 Q. petraea) showing extensive sunken cankers with wedge-shaped necroses and dieback of twigs and branches. Collar rot and trunk exudates in diseased trees were also noticed. On potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 25°C, all isolates developed white colonies with dense aerial mycelium becoming dark gray after 4 to 7 days. Pycnidia were produced within 4 weeks in half-strength PDA supplemented with autoclaved Q. ilex twigs and incubated at room temperature under natural daylight. The hyaline, cylindrical to ellipsoid, and aseptate conidia measured 24.9 to 32.3 × 11.2 to 14.6 μm (n = 50). All morphological characters matched those reported for Diplodia corticola by Alves et al. (2004). Identity of isolates was confirmed by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA. BLAST searches against GenBank showed 99 to 100% identity with reference sequences of D. corticola including that of ex-type culture CBS 112549. Analysis of sequences of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α) region grouped the isolates into the two known evolutionary lineages of D. corticola (Linaldeddu et al. 2013) as follows: 14 isolates in lineage A (8 from Q. suber, 4 from Q. ilex, and 2 from Q. petraea) and 6 isolates in lineage B (4 from Q. suber and 2 from Q. petraea). Sequences of two representative strains, BL203 (lineage B, from Q. petraea) and BL205 (lineage A, from Q. suber) were deposited in GenBank (accession numbers: KX595185 (ITS) and KX595186 (tef1-α) for strain BL203; KX595187 (ITS) and KX595188 (tef1-α) for strain BL205). The pathogenicity of the two representative strains was tested on 3-year-old Q. suber plants. Groups of five plants were inoculated separately with each isolate, and five additional plants were used as a control. The place of the stem to be inoculated was surface-disinfected with 70% ethanol and a small piece (3 × 3 mm) of bark was removed with a flamed scalpel. An agar-mycelium plug taken from the margin of an actively growing colony on PDA was placed on the wound, covered with cotton wool soaked in sterile water, and finally wrapped in a piece of aluminum foil. A sterile PDA plug was used instead of the mycelial inoculum in control plants. Plants were kept in the laboratory at 18 to 26°C under natural daylight and watered regularly for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, all plants inoculated with the fungus wilted and showed sunken, dark brown lesions on the bark, spreading up and down from the inoculation site. The average lesion size was 6.1 ± 3.2 cm (mean ± S.D.) for strain BL203 and 6.3 ± 2.4 cm for strain BL205. Both strains were successfully recovered from all the inoculated plants. The control plants remained asymptomatic. This is the first report of D. corticola occurring in Corsica and specifically on Q. petraea. In recent years, an increase has been reported in the occurrence of D. corticola on Quercus spp. in natural areas with Mediterranean climate (Linaldeddu et al. 2009; Lynch et al. 2010). In this study, severe infections by D. corticola were detected mainly on Q. suber forests in the eastern coast of Corsica.References:Alves, A., et al. 2004. Mycologia 96:598. https://doi.org/10.2307/3762177 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarLinaldeddu, B. T., et al. 2009. J. Plant Pathol. 91:234. ISI, Google ScholarLinaldeddu, B. T., et al. 2013. Mycologia 105:1266. https://doi.org/10.3852/12-370 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarLynch, S. C., et al. 2010. Plant Dis. 94:1510. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-10-0266 Link, ISI, Google ScholarDetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 101, No. 1 January 2017SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Article History Issue Date: 22 Dec 2016Published: 3 Nov 2016First Look: 11 Oct 2016Accepted: 25 Sep 2016 Pages: 256-256 Information© 2017 The American Phytopathological SocietyCited bySecondary Metabolites, including a New 5,6-Dihydropyran-2-One, Produced by the Fungus Diplodia corticola. 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