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Chimpanzee genomic diversity reveals ancient admixture with bonobos

2016; American Association for the Advancement of Science; Volume: 354; Issue: 6311 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1126/science.aag2602

1095-9203

Marc de Manuel, Martin Kuhlwilm, Peter Frandsen, Vítor C. Sousa, Tariq Desai, Javier Prado-Martinez, Jessica Hernandez‐Rodriguez, Isabelle Dupanloup, Óscar Lao, Pille Hallast, Joshua M. Schmidt, José María Heredia‐Genestar, Andrea Benazzo, Guido Barbujani, Benjamin M. Peter, Lukas F. K. Kuderna, Ferrán Casals, Samuel Angedakin, Mimi Arandjelovic, Christophe Boesch, Hjalmar S. Kühl, Linda Vigilant, Kevin E. Langergraber, John Novembre, Marta Gut, Marta Gut, Arcadi Navarro, Frands Carlsen, Aida M. Andrés, Hans R. Siegismund, Aylwyn Scally, Laurent Excoffier, Chris Tyler‐Smith, Sergi Castellano, Yali Xue, Christina Hvilsom, Tomás Marquès‐Bonet,

Wildlife Ecology and Conservation

Our closest living relatives, chimpanzees and bonobos, have a complex demographic history. We analyzed the high-coverage whole genomes of 75 wild-born chimpanzees and bonobos from 10 countries in Africa. We found that chimpanzee population substructure makes genetic information a good predictor of geographic origin at country and regional scales. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that gene flow occurred from bonobos into the ancestors of central and eastern chimpanzees between 200,000 and 550,000 years ago, probably with subsequent spread into Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzees. Together with another, possibly more recent contact (after 200,000 years ago), bonobos contributed less than 1% to the central chimpanzee genomes. Admixture thus appears to have been widespread during hominid evolution.