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Scientific Opinion on the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA)

2012; Wiley; Volume: 10; Issue: 7 Linguagem: Inglês

10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2815

1831-4732

Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism

EFSA JournalVolume 10, Issue 7 2815 OpinionOpen Access Scientific Opinion on the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA), EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA)Search for more papers by this author EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA), EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA)Search for more papers by this author First published: 27 July 2012 https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2815Citations: 69 Panel members: Carlo Agostoni, Jean-Louis Bresson, Susan Fairweather-Tait, Albert Flynn, Ines Golly, Hannu Korhonen, Pagona Lagiou, Martinus Løvik, Rosangela Marchelli, Ambroise Martin, Bevan Moseley, Monika Neuhäuser-Berthold, Hildegard Przyrembel, Seppo Salminen, Yolanda Sanz, Sean (J.J.) Strain, Stephan Strobel, Inge Tetens, Daniel Tomé, Hendrik van Loveren and Hans Verhagen Correspondence: nda@efsa.europa.eu Acknowledgement: The Panel wishes to thank the members of the Working Group on Tolerable Upper Intake Levels for nutrients: Albert Flynn, Ambroise Martin, Hildegard Przyrembel and Sean (J.J.) Strain for the preparatory work on this scientific opinion and EFSA staff: Silvia Valtueña Martínez for the support provided to this scientific opinion. Adoption date: 26 June 2012 Published date: 27 July 2012 Question number: EFSA-Q-2011-00834 On request from: European Commission AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) of the n-3 LCPUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA). Available data are insufficient to establish a UL for n-3 LCPUFA (individually or combined) for any population group. At observed intake levels, consumption of n-3 LCPUFA has not been associated with adverse effects in healthy children or adults. Long-term supplemental intakes of EPA and DHA combined up to about 5 g/day do not appear to increase the risk of spontaneous bleeding episodes or bleeding complications, or affect glucose homeostasis immune function or lipid peroxidation, provided the oxidative stability of the n-3 LCPUFAs is guaranteed. Supplemental intakes of EPA and DHA combined at doses of 2 6 g/day, and of DHA at doses of 2 4 g/day, induce an increase in LDL-cholesterol concentrations of about 3 % which may not have an adverse effect on cardiovascular disease risk, whereas EPA at doses up to 4 g/day has no significant effect on LDL cholesterol. 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