Iberian Wild Pear ( Pyrus bourgaeana ) is a New Host of Erwinia amylovora , the Causal Agent of Fire Blight
2016; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 101; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1094/pdis-09-16-1251-pdn
ISSN1943-7692
AutoresEster Marco‐Noales, Antonio Juan Briones Peñalver, Isabel Moreno, M.T. Gorris, M.C. Morente, C. Balguerías, José A. Ramı́rez, C. Candeleda Recio, T. Ruiz de la Hermosa, Renata Aparecida Soriano Sancho, Carlos Aedo, Marı́a M. López,
Tópico(s)Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
ResumoHomePlant DiseaseVol. 101, No. 3Iberian Wild Pear (Pyrus bourgaeana) is a New Host of Erwinia amylovora, the Causal Agent of Fire Blight PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseIberian Wild Pear (Pyrus bourgaeana) is a New Host of Erwinia amylovora, the Causal Agent of Fire BlightE. Marco-Noales, J. Peñalver, I. Navarro, M. T. Gorris, M. C. Morente, C. Balguerías, J. A. Ramírez, C. Recio, T. Ruiz de la Hermosa, R. Sancho, C. Aedo, and M. M. LópezE. Marco-Noaleshttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-7973-0345, J. Peñalver, I. Navarro, M. T. Gorris, M. C. Morente, C. Balguerías, J. A. Ramírez, C. Recio, T. Ruiz de la Hermosa, R. Sancho, C. Aedo, and M. M. LópezAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations E. Marco-Noales J. Peñalver I. Navarro M. T. Gorris M. C. Morente , Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain C. Balguerías , Consejería de Agricultura y Medio Ambiente de Castilla-La Mancha, Delegación Provincial, Albacete, Spain J. A. Ramírez C. Recio T. Ruiz de la Hermosa , Consejería de Agricultura de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain R. Sancho , Laboratorio Agroalimentario y Ambiental Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain C. Aedo , Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid, CSIC, Spain M. M. López , Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain. Published Online:22 Dec 2016https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-16-1251-PDNAboutSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat The Iberian wild pear (Pyrus bourgaeana Decne) is a deciduous tree in the Mediterranean forest and evergreen open woodlands (dehesas), which plays an important trophic role in ecological balance. Its populations are dispersed through central and western Spain, southern Portugal, and northwestern Africa, and has been considered a threatened species. In April 2010, unusual symptoms were observed in Iberian wild pear trees near the National Park of Cabañeros, Ciudad Real Province, Spain. The symptoms were similar to those of fire blight reported from other hosts, and included blossom necrosis, leaf and shoot blight, fruit mummification, and internal necrotic tissue in branches and twigs. In some cases, blight reached the entire tree. Samples were analyzed according to the EPPO diagnostic protocol for Erwinia amylovora (EPPO 2013) and this pathogen was recovered in pure culture in 70.5% of samples. Nine isolates, Gram-negative and negative for oxidase test, showed the typical colonial morphology of E. amylovora on King's B, NSA, and CCT media. Their biochemical and physiological profiles in the API 20E and API 50CH strips (bioMérieux) showed that they were able to produce acid from glucose, mannitol, sorbitol, sucrose, and arabinose, and unable to use galacturonate and malonate as sole carbon sources, as the reference E. amylovora strain CFBP1430. Two conventional and two real-time PCR protocols specific for E. amylovora with primers G1-F/G2-R (Taylor et al. 2001), AJ75/AJ76, and PEANT1/PEANT2 in a nested PCR (Llop et al. 2000); primers Ams 116F/Ams 189R and probe Ams 141T (Pirc et al. 2009), and primers hpEaF/hpEaR and probe hpEaP (Gottsberger 2010), respectively, were performed. The results with all primer sets were positive, obtaining in the two conventional PCRs the expected products of 187 and 391 bp, respectively, and in the two real-time PCRs Ct values ranging from 13.8 to 15.1 and 13.4 to 18.3, respectively, just as with the French reference strain. Moreover, all strains were positive by the double antibody sandwich indirect (DASI)-ELISA test specific for E. amylovora (Plant Print Diagnòstics S.L.). The pathogenicity of all isolates was assayed on young shoots of P. bourgaeana and immature pear fruits of P. communis. Shoots were inoculated by cutting two young leaves to the main vein with scissors dipped into 109 CFU/ml bacterial suspensions in phosphate buffered saline solution 10 mM, pH 7.2 (PBS). The inoculated shoots were incubated in pots with sterile 1% agar at 25°C for 7 days. After day 2, leaves showed necrosis from the main vein to the entire leaf blade, typical symptoms of fire blight. For fruit assays, four small incisions were made on the peel of previously disinfected fruits, and then inoculated with 10 µl per cut of 109 CFU/ml bacterial suspensions in PBS. The inoculated fruits were incubated on sterilized plastic boxes at 25°C for 7 days. From day 3, the fruits exhibited severe necrosis and bacterial ooze at inoculated sites. In all cases, similar symptoms were observed after inoculation with a suspension of the reference strain. No symptoms were observed on PBS-only negative controls. Pure cultures of presumptive E. amylovora colonies recovered from symptomatic shoots and fruits were confirmed by DASI-ELISA and real-time PCR (Gottsberger 2010). Pathogenicity assays were repeated at least twice. In conclusion, these results confirm the identification of E. amylovora as the causal agent of the symptoms observed in Iberian wild pear trees. This is the first report of P. bourgaeana as a new host of E. amylovora. The adoption of measures to protect this tree species from fire blight is compelled by the high relevance and significance of Iberian wild pear for the fauna and forest ecosystem, the increasing interest of the dehesas, and the necessity of preserving the biodiversity harbored in the Mediterranean region.References:EPPO. 2013. EPPO Bull. 43:21. https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12019 Crossref, Google ScholarGottsberger, R. A. 2010. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 51:285. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2010.02892.x Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarLlop, P., et al. 2000. Appl. 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Sci. 29:35. https://doi.org/10.1080/01140671.2001.9514158 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarDetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 101, No. 3 March 2017SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Article History Issue Date: 9 Feb 2017Published: 22 Dec 2016First Look: 9 Nov 2016Accepted: 1 Nov 2016 Page: 502 Information© 2017 The American Phytopathological SocietyCited byVariability within a clonal population of Erwinia amylovora disclosed by phenotypic analysis21 July 2022 | PeerJ, Vol. 10Evaluation of Three Antimicrobial Peptides Mixtures to Control the Phytopathogen Responsible for Fire Blight Disease30 November 2021 | Plants, Vol. 10, No. 12From the roots to the stem: unveiling pear root colonization and infection pathways by Erwinia amylovora10 October 2020 | FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Vol. 96, No. 12Development of a viability digital PCR protocol for the selective detection and quantification of live Erwinia amylovora cells in cankers8 August 2019 | Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, No. 1
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