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First Report of Meloidogyne enterolobii Infecting the Weed Jerusalem Cherry ( Solanum pseudocapsicum ) in Brazil
2016; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 101; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1094/pdis-09-16-1234-pdn
ISSN1943-7692
AutoresMartin Groth, Cristiano Bellé, Kassia Luiza Teixeira Cocco, Tiago Edu Kaspary, Gabriele Casarotto, Luan Cutti, Juliane Schmitt,
Tópico(s)Plant Disease Management Techniques
ResumoHomePlant DiseaseVol. 101, No. 3First Report of Meloidogyne enterolobii Infecting the Weed Jerusalem Cherry (Solanum pseudocapsicum) in Brazil PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Meloidogyne enterolobii Infecting the Weed Jerusalem Cherry (Solanum pseudocapsicum) in BrazilM. Z. Groth, C. Bellé, K. L. T. Cocco, T. E. Kaspary, G. Casarotto, L. Cutti, and J. SchmittM. Z. Groth, C. Belléhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-2247-3207, K. L. T. Cocco, T. E. Kaspary, G. Casarotto, L. Cutti, and J. SchmittAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations M. Z. Groth C. Bellé K. L. T. Cocco , Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil T. E. Kaspary G. Casarotto L. Cutti , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil J. Schmitt , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 98400-000, RS, Brazil. Published Online:16 Dec 2016https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-16-1234-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat During the summer of 2015, Jerusalem cherry (Solanum pseudocapsicum) exhibiting multiple galls in the roots but no above-ground symptoms were detected in Cachoieira do Sul County (29°35′ S, 51°06′ W), Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Individual females (n = 30) extracted from a root sample were identified as Meloidogyne species with electrophoresis using an esterase isoenzyme (Carneiro and Almeida 2001), morphometric measurement of second-stage juveniles (J2) (n = 20), and amplification of the mitochondrial DNA region between COII and 16S (primer set: forward 5′-GGTCAATGTTCAGAAATTTGTGG-3′ and reverse 5′-TACCTTTGACCAATCACGCT-3′) and the D2–D3 fragment of the 28S ribosomal RNA gene (primer set: forward 5′-ACAAGTACCGTGAGGGAAAGTTG-3′ and reverse 5′-TCGGAAGGAACCAGCTACTA-3′). In addition, two root and soil samples were processed to determine the number of eggs and J2s of Meloidogyne sp. The mean nematode population density was 435 eggs and J2s per gram of fresh root and 320 J2s per 100 cm3 of soil. The polymorphisms of esterase bands on electrophoresis revealed the phenotype M2 (Rm = 0.7, 0.75, 0.9, and 0.95) typical of Meloidogyne enterolobii (Carneiro et al. 2000). The observed J2s of M. enterolobii showed the following morphometric characteristics: body length = 455.43 ± 21.33 µm (404.35 to 490.93 μm); body width = 14.64 ± 0.75 µm (12.53 to 15.65 μm); a = 29.50 ± 0.52 (23.54 to 33.73); c = 7.4 ± 0.33 (6.02 to 9.45); dorsal esophageal gland orifice from the stylet base = 3.75 ± 0.43 µm (2.54 to 4.76 µm); stylet = 12.04 ± 1.00 µm (10.2 to 14.1 µm); tail length = 56.70 ± 4.95 µm (40.6 to 62.2 µm); hyaline tail terminus = 9.4 ± 0.75 µm (6.4 to 15.8 µm). The sequences homologies were determined by comparing with those from GenBank. PCR amplicons of D2–D3 of 28S and COII/16S genes were 750 bp (GenBank KX767844) and 650 bp (KX767845), respectively. The sequences of both markers exhibited 99 and 100% identity, respectively, with sequences corresponding to M. enterolobii isolates from the United States, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Taiwan, and China. Species identification was confirmed with PCR species-specific sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) using a primer set MK7-F (5′-GATCAGAGGCGGGCGCATTGCGA-3′) and MK7-R (5′-CGAACTCGCTCGAACTCGAC-3′). The PCR product was ∼520 bp for SCAR, identical to that previously reported for M. enterolobii (Tigano et al. 2010). To confirm pathogenicity of S. pseudocapsicum by M. enterolobii, greenhouse tests were conducted. Plantlets of S. pseudocapsicum in eight pots containing sterilized soil were inoculated with 5,000 eggs plus J2s of the original population M. enterolobii. Noninoculated plants (eight replicates) were used as controls. After 60 days, inoculated plants had galled root systems similar to plants encountered in the field; the nematode reproduction factor (final population/initial population) was 27.5. The noninoculated plants did not have galls. M. enterolobii is considered an economically important agricultural nematode globally as it causes severe yield losses for many crops such as tomato, pepper, and guava (Moens et al. 2009). Thus, the weed S. pseudocapsicum can act as a potential reservoir for M. enterolobii in Brazil and elsewhere when crops are absent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of M. enterolobii parasitizing S. pseudocapsicum.References:Carneiro, R. M. D. G., et al. 2000. Nematology 2:645. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854100509510 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarCarneiro, R. M. D. G., and Almeida, M. R. A. 2001. Nematol. Bras. 25:35. Google ScholarMoens, M., et al. 2009. Page 1 in: Root-Knot Nematodes. R. N. Perry, et al., eds. CAB International, Wallingford, U.K. Google ScholarTigano, M. S., et al. 2010. Plant Pathol. 59:1054. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02350.x Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarDetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 101, No. 3 March 2017SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Article History Issue Date: 9 Feb 2017Published: 16 Dec 2016First Look: 9 Nov 2016Accepted: 31 Oct 2016 Page: 510 Information© 2017 The American Phytopathological SocietyCited byMeloidogyne enterolobii risk to agriculture, its present status and future prospective for management24 January 2023 | Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 13Meloidogyne enterolobii (Pacara earpod tree root-knot nematode)CABI Compendium, Vol. CABI CompendiumHost status of morning-glory ( Ipomoea spp.) to Meloidogyne species1 January 2021 | Journal of Nematology, Vol. 53, No. 1Multiplication potential of Meloidogyne arenaria in weeds found in Brazil8 May 2020 | European Journal of Plant Pathology, Vol. 157, No. 2Reproduction of Meloidogyne enterolobii on weeds found in Brazil28 February 2019 | Tropical Plant Pathology, Vol. 44, No. 4Meloidogyne Species Associated with Weeds in Rio Grande do Sul1 January 2019 | Planta Daninha, Vol. 37
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