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Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics

2016; Nature Portfolio; Volume: 1; Issue: 12 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.203

2058-5276

Jean‐Christophe Lagier, S. Khelaifia, Maryam Tidjani Alou, S. Ndongo, Niokhor Dione, Perrine Hugon, Aurélia Caputo, F. Cadoret, Sory Ibrahima Traore, El Hadji Seck, Grégory Dubourg, Guillaume André Durand, Gaël Mourembou, Elodie Guilhot, Amadou Hamidou Togo, Sara Bellali, Dipankar Bachar, Nadim Cassir, Fadi Bittar, Jérémy Delerce, Morgane Mailhe, D. Ricaboni, Melhem Bilen, Nicole Prisca Makaya Dangui Nieko, Ndèye Méry Dia Badiane, Camille Valles, Donia Mouelhi, Khoudia Diop, Matthieu Million, Didier Musso, Jônatas Santos Abrahão, Esam I. Azhar, Fehmida Bibi, Muhammad Yasir, Aldiouma Diallo, Cheikh Sokhna, F. Djossou, Véronique Vitton, Catherine Robert, Jean‐Marc Rolain, Bernard La Scola, Pierre‐Edouard Fournier, Anthony Levasseur, Didier Raoult,

Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies

Abstract Metagenomics revolutionized the understanding of the relations among the human microbiome, health and diseases, but generated a countless number of sequences that have not been assigned to a known microorganism 1 . The pure culture of prokaryotes, neglected in recent decades, remains essential to elucidating the role of these organisms 2 . We recently introduced microbial culturomics, a culturing approach that uses multiple culture conditions and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time of flight and 16S rRNA for identification 2 . Here, we have selected the best culture conditions to increase the number of studied samples and have applied new protocols (fresh-sample inoculation; detection of microcolonies and specific cultures of Proteobacteria and microaerophilic and halophilic prokaryotes) to address the weaknesses of the previous studies 3–5 . We identified 1,057 prokaryotic species, thereby adding 531 species to the human gut repertoire: 146 bacteria known in humans but not in the gut, 187 bacteria and 1 archaea not previously isolated in humans, and 197 potentially new species. Genome sequencing was performed on the new species. By comparing the results of the metagenomic and culturomic analyses, we show that the use of culturomics allows the culture of organisms corresponding to sequences previously not assigned. Altogether, culturomics doubles the number of species isolated at least once from the human gut.