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Progression characteristics of the European Friedreich’s Ataxia Consortium for Translational Studies (EFACTS): a 2 year cohort study

2016; Elsevier BV; Volume: 15; Issue: 13 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/s1474-4422(16)30287-3

1474-4465

Kathrin Reetz, Imis Dogan, R.-D Hilgers, Paola Giunti, Caterina Mariotti, Alexandra Dürr, Sylvia Boesch, Thomas Klopstock, Francisco Javier Rodríguez de Rivera Garrido, Lüdger Schöls, Thomas Klockgether, Katrin Bürk, Myriam Rai, Massimo Pandolfo, Jörg B. Schulz, Wolfgang Nachbauer, Andreas Eigentler, Chantal Depondt, Sandra Benaich, Perrine Charles, Claire Ewenczyk, Marie‐Lorraine Monin, Manuel Dafotakis, Kathrin Fedosov, Claire Didszun, Ummehan Ermis, Ilaria Giordano, Dagmar Timmann, Ivan Karin, Christiane Neuhofer, Claudia Stendel, Jennifer Müller vom Hagen, Julia Wolf, Marta Panzeri, Lorenzo Nanetti, Anna Castaldo, Javier Arpa, Irene Sanz‐Gallego, Michael Parkinson, Mary G. Sweeney,

Mitochondrial Function and Pathology

Background The European Friedreich’s Ataxia Consortium for Translational Studies (EFACTS) is a prospective international registry investigating the natural history of Friedreich’s ataxia. We used data from EFACTS to assess disease progression and the predictive value of disease-related factors on progression, and estimated sample sizes for interventional randomised clinical trials. Methods We enrolled patients with genetically confirmed Friedreich’s ataxia from 11 European study sites in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK. Patients were seen at three visits—baseline, 1 year, and 2 years. Our primary endpoint was the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA). Secondary outcomes were the Inventory of Non-Ataxia Signs (INAS), the Spinocerebellar Ataxia Functional Index (SCAFI), phonemic verbal fluency (PVF), and the quality of life measures activities of daily living (ADL) and EQ-5D-3L index. We estimated the yearly progression for each outcome with linear mixed-effect modelling. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02069509, and follow-up assessments and recruitment of new patients are ongoing. Findings Between Sept 15, 2010, and Nov 21, 2013, we enrolled 605 patients with Friedreich’s ataxia. 546 patients (90%) contributed data with at least one follow-up visit. The progression rate on SARA was 0·77 points per year (SE 0·06) in the overall cohort. Deterioration in SARA was associated with younger age of onset (–0·02 points per year [0·01] per year of age) and lower SARA baseline scores (–0·07 points per year [0·01] per baseline point). Patients with more than 353 GAA repeats on the shorter allele of the FXN locus had a higher SARA progression rate (0·09 points per year [0·02] per additional 100 repeats) than did patients with fewer than 353 repeats. Annual worsening was 0·10 points per year (0·03) for INAS, −0·04 points per year (0·01) for SCAFI, 0·93 points per year (0·06) for ADL, and −0·02 points per year (0·004) for EQ-5D-3L. PVF performance improved by 0·99 words per year (0·14). To detect a 50% reduction in SARA progression at 80% power, 548 patients would be needed in a 1 year clinical trial and 184 would be needed for a 2 year trial. Interpretation Our results show that SARA is a suitable clinical rating scale to detect deterioration of ataxia symptoms over time; ADL is an appropriate measure to monitor changes in daily self-care activities; and younger age at disease onset is a major predictor for faster disease progression. The results of the EFACTS longitudinal analysis provide suitable outcome measures and sample size calculations for the design of upcoming clinical trials of Friedreich’s ataxia. Funding European Commission.