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The Religious Revival in Contemporary German Literature

1949; Routledge; Volume: 24; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Alemão

10.1080/19306962.1949.11786441

1930-6962

Eva C. Wunderlich,

Literature and Cultural Memory

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size NotesBerlin, 1939, p. 59.De Profundis: Deutsche Lyrik in dieser Zeit; eine Anthologie aus zwölf Jahren (München, 1946), p. 9.So, e.g., Heinz Flügel, Mensch und Menschensohn, Vierzehn Essays (München, 1947); Theodor Haecker, Die Versuchungen Christi (Kolmar, n.d.); Theodor Haecker, Tag- und Nachtbücher (München, 1947); cf. also the collection of essays edited by Peter Suhrkamp under the misleading title Taschenbuch für junge Menschen (Berlin, 1946); also numerous essays not quoted in this article, by Ernst Wiechert, Rudolf Alexander Schröder, Gertrud von Le Fort, Reinhold Schneider, and others.The reason for the decline of the novel has been seen in the fact that the novel is impossible without the coherence between family and society and this coherence was systematically destroyed by National Socialism. The same reason has been given for the disappearance of the drama, since on the one hand the social drama is at present impossible, and on the other hand the discussion of philosophical problems on the stage today would·not be effective. The short story is considered more suited than the novel or drama to symbolize what has happened and what people are now striving for, and therefore outnumbers drama and novel. With the addition of Reinhold Schneider the above mentioned novelists are representative also of the short story; cf. Reinhold Schneider, “Von der Zukunft des deutschen Geistes,” unpublished manuscript (Freiburg, 1948); I also refer to the anthology of short stories, Das Unzerstörbare (Kampen-Niederrhein, 1947), introduction by Martin Rockenbach.Karl Wolfskehl, Die Stimme spricht (Berlin, 1936), p. 10; that these poems were written before his emigration I assume from his obituary, Aufbau (New York City, July 9, 1948), pp. 3 f.Berlin-Wilmersdorf, 1931.Innsbruck, n.d., p. 12.Berlin, 1935.Berlin, 1947.München, 1946, pp. 92 ff.München, n.d.Ibid., p. 54.Berlin, 1947.“Chor der Tröster,” op. cit., p. 73.Cf. Max-Hermann Bloch, “Wieviele Bücher gibt es eigentlich?” Nouvelles de France (Freiburg i. Breisgau, May 30, 1948, Sunday Supplement), p. 3.E.g. Edelgut aus den Werken von Jeremias Gotthelf (Berlin, 1947), introduction by Wilibald Ulbricht; Aus der Tasche des Wandsbecker Boten (Berlin, 1947), introduction by M. Kühn; Friedrich von Spee, Die Trutznachtigall (Köln, 1947), introduction by Reinhold Schneider. That even biographies of musicians today offer religious interpretation is shown by Adolf Köberle’s Bach, Beethoven, Bruckner (Tübingen, 1947). Also the novel centered on the life and person of Jesus appears among the new books; e.g., the book by Wilhelm Fitzner, Nikodemus (Berlin, 1947), where the unfortunate attempt is made to brand the Pharisees as a kind of National-Socialist group. History is also being interpreted religiously, as in Karl Kindt, Gottes Gang durch die Geschichte (Berlin-Spandau, 1947). Religious tendencies are also evident in the choice of Biblical names and material as symbols, even if this choice sometimes seems unfortunate; for example Günter Rutenborn’s drama, Das Zeichen des Jona, in Unterwegs (Berlin-Reinickendorf-Ost, 1947), II, 15 ff., and III, 28 ff.E.g. “Schriftenreihe der evangelischen Akademie,” edited by Reinold von Thadden, Eberhard Müller, and Helmut Thielicke (Tübingen, 1947); “Das christliche Deutschland,” No. 1–8 (Tübingen, Stuttgart, 1947–48), edited by “Arbeitsgemeinschaft katholischer und evangelischer Christen”; “Abendländische Bücherei” (Freiburg i. Breisgau), edited by Reinhold Schneider.Manfred Hausmann, Das Worpsweder Hirtenspiel (Göttingen, 1946), p. 4.Berlin, 1938.“Verzweifelt und getrost,” Licht der Welt, p. 71.Berlin, 1941.Manfred Hausmann, Alte Musik (Berlin, 1941); quoted from Evangelische Weihnacht, 4. Folge, with collaboration of Hans Brandenburg and others (Tübingen, 1947), p. 148.München, 1930.Walter Bauer, Gast auf Erden (Dessau, 1943), p. 79; cf. also his Tagebuchblätter aus Frankreich (Dessau, 1941).Insel-Bücherei Nr. 471, Leipzig, n.d.Insel-Bücherei Nr. 514, Leipzig, n.d.Leipzig, 1936 and Zürich, 1948.Hans Carossa, Stern über der Zeit, Wiesbaden, 1942; quoted from Neuer Westfalischer Kurier (September 30, 1947), p. 2.Otto Freiherr von Taube, Verse, Leipzig, 1917.Merseburg, 1937.Cf. Eva C. Wunderlich, “Schuld und Sühne des deutschen Volkes bei Reinhold Schneider,” Germanic Review, XXIII (1948), 290 ff.Stuttgart, Berlin, 1933.Jochen Klepper, Kyrie, Berlin-Steglitz, 1938.Stuttgart, 1937.Eckart (Berlin, November, 1938), p. 462.Jochen Klepper, Gedichte (Berlin, 1947), p. 32.Deutsche Rundschau (Berlin, Stuttgart, August, 1946), No. 5, p. 149.Paula von Preradovic, Ritter, Tod und Teufel (Innsbruck, 1946), p. 32.Rudolf Hagelstange, Venezianisches Credo (Wiesbaden, 1946), p. 31; that the poet is trying to reconcile his own youthful problems with his religious attitude is shown by his poem “Die Beichte Don Juans,” Vision, I, 3 (Konstanz, 1948), pp. 276 ff.Quoted from Marie Lorraine, “Das Wunder in den Schwachen,” Neuer Westfälischer Kurier (September 23, 1947), p. 9.Gertrud von Le Fort, Der Römische Brunnen, Vol. II, Der Kranz der Engel, Einsiedeln, Köln, 1947.Gertrud von Le Fort, Der Römische Brunnen, Vol. I, Das Schweißtuch der Veronika, München, 1928.Reinhold Schneider, Im Schatten Mephistos (Stuttgart, 1947), pp. 33 ff.Zürich, 1947.Ibid., pp. 372 f.Ibid., p. 322.Licht der Welt, p. 168.Op. cit., p. 15.Theodor Haecker, Die Versuchungen Christi (Kolmar, n.d.), p. 50.Ibid., p. 56.Einsiedeln, Köln, 1947.Ibid., p. 33.Ibid., p. 95.Deutsche Rundschau (Berlin, Stuttgart, August 1946), No. 5, p. 99.De Profundis, p. 376.Quoted from O. Paetel, Carl Zuckmayer, Dorothy Thompson, Deutsche Innere Emigration (New York City, 1946), pp. 64 f.Werner Bergengruen, Dies lrae (München, n.d.), p. 7.Theodor Haecker, Tag- und Nachtbücher (München, 1947), p. 196.De Profundis, p. 412.Heinz Flügel, Mensch und Menschensohn (München, 1947), p. 58.Dies Irae, p. 29.Bernt von Heiseler, Hohenstaufen-Trilogie (Bremen, 1948); quoted from “Kaiser und Mönch,” Die Neue Schau (Lübeck, July-October, 1947), p. 80.“Märtyrer,” De Profundis, pp. 268 and 271.Dies Irae, p. 17.Hermann Claudius, Und weiter wachsen Gott und Welt, München, 1937.Gertrud von Le Fort, Die Consolata (Zürich, 1948), p. 15.Ibid., p. 34.Susanne Kerckhoff, “Die Schuld,” De Profundis, p. 206.Gustav Leuteritz, “Das versehrte Menschenbild,” Berliner Almanach, ed. by Walther G. Oschilewski and Lothar Blanvalet (Berlin, 1947), pp . 41 ff.Josef Weinheber, Vereinsamtes Herz (Leipzig, 1935), p. 47.Op. cit., p. 32.Ibid., p. 34.Ernst Wiechert, Der Totenwald, München, 1945.Ibid., p. 97.I Cor. 12: 57.“Stimme des Heilands,” De Profundis, pp. 108 ff.Heinrich Vogel, Gottes Gnade und die deutsche Schuld (Berlin, 1946), p. 15.Dies Irae, p. 33.Reinhold Schneider, Die neuen Türme (Wiesbaden, 1946), p. 24.Ibid., p. 49.Dies Irae, p. 43; the poet quotes the word metanoeite from the sermon of St. John the Baptist; it means “repent.”.“Stimme des Heilands,” De Profundis, p. 108.Dietrich und Klaus Bonhoeffer, Auf dem Wege zur Freiheit (Berlin, 1947), pp. 11 ff.Ibid., p.31.De Profundis, p. 373.Jochen Klepper, Gedichte, ed. by Fritz Wenzel (Berlin, 1947), p. 21.Published in a collection by Friedrich Samuel Rothenberg, Gruß an die Heimat; quoted from Christine Bourbeck, Trost und Licht des Wortes (Berlin, 1948), II, 47.Ibid., p. 40.Quoted from Anna Paulsen, Der Glaube kann nicht schweigen: Christliche Lyrik der Gegenwart (Lüneburg, 1948), p. 51.Quoted from Erica Küppers, Die Stimme des Christen (Bielefeld, 1948), p. 18.Siegbert Stehmann, Hirtenspiel (Hamburg, 1935), not paged.Cf. her obituary for Willi Graf, Die Wandlung, III, 1 (Heidelberg, 1948), pp. 12 ff.De Profundis, p. 175.Ibid., p. 179.München, 1934.Ernst Wiechert, Das einfache Leben (München, 1939), p. 50.München, 1947.Ibid., p. 7.Ibid., p. 27.Ibid., p. 8.Ibid.Ibid., p. 41.Ibid., p. 56.Quoted from Anna Paulsen, op. cit., p. 36.De Profundis, pp. 466 ff.Werner Bergengruen, Die verborgene Frucht (Zürich, 1947), p. 33.Reinhold Schneider, Gedanken des Friedens (Freiburg i. Breisgau, 1946), p. 151.Gunter Groll, De Profundis, Introduction, p. 31.Heinz Flügel, Albwin und Rosimund, p. 21.Ibid., p. 40.Rudolf Alexander Schröder, Alten Mannes Sommer (Berlin, 1947), pp. 50 ff; how highly Schröder is appreciated in Germany, both in artistic and religious matters, is shown by the foundation of a “Rudolf Alexander Schröder Gesellschaft,” whose foremost purpose is the rapprochement of Protestantism and Catholicism; cf. Neue Zeitung (Berlin, April 7, 1948), p. 3.Werner Bergengruen, “Der Gezeichnete,” Licht der Welt, p. 15.Dies Irae, p. 35.“Wüßt ich ein Lied, unser Elend zu singen,” De Profundis, p. 179.Gertrud von Le Fort, “Die Heimatlosen,‘1 quoted from Anna Paulsen, op. cit., p. 70.Rudolf Hagelstange, op. cit., p. 12.Dietrich und Klaus Bonhoeffer, op. cit., p. 6.