Josef Schreyvogel, Grillparzer’s “väterlicher Freund”
1946; Routledge; Volume: 21; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Alemão
10.1080/19306962.1946.11786290
ISSN1930-6962
Autores Tópico(s)Historical, Literary, and Cultural Studies
ResumoClick to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size NotesThe notable exception to this is the treatment of Ernst Alker, “Franz Grillparzer, ein Kampf um Leben und Kunst,” Beiträge zur deutschen Literaturwissenschaft, Nr. 36, Marburg a. d. Lahn, 1930, and that of Ludolf von Wedel-Parlow, Grillparzer, Wertheim a. M., 1932.The first of these three articles and the one that saw only Schreyvogel’s positive contribution to Grillparzer’s career, was by Karl Glossy, “Josef Schreyvogel und der Dichter der Ahnfrau,” Kleinere Schriften (Vienna, 1918), pp. 105-112. The other two follow the same line: Emil Reich, “Grillparzer und Schreyvogel,” Aus Leben und Dichtung, Aufsätze und Vorträge (Leipzig, 1911), pp. 334-342; and Freiherr Theobald von Rizy, “Grillparzer und Schreyvogel,” Jahrbuch der Grillparzer Gesellschaft (Vienna, 1902), xi, 1-22. Cf. also Anton E. Schönbach, Gesammelte Aufsätze zur neueren Literatur in Deutschland, Österreich, Amerika (Graz, 1900), pp. 109-137 and 138-162. There are earlier evaluations of the Grillparzer-Schreyvogel association but not in separate studies and in all of them Schreyvogel is viewed as Grillparzer’s “väterlicher Freund,” whose association was most beneficial to his young protégé.Josef Schreyvogel, Tagebücher, mit Vorwort, Einleitung und Anmerkungen, edited by Karl Glossy, Schriften der Gesellschaft für Theatergeschichte, ii and iii (Berlin, 1903), ii, pp. xx-xxix.Ibid., ii, pp. xxxiff. For details on the relationship between Goethe and Schreyvogel, cf. Rudolf Payer von Thurn, “Josef Schreyvogels Beziehungen zu Goethe,” Jahrbuch der Grillparzer Gesellschaft, x, 98-128, also Karl Glossy, “Schreyvogel in Jena, Briefe an seinen Bruder Georg,” Jahrbuch der Grillparzer Gesellschaft, xiv, 114-140.For details cf. Schreyvogels Tagebücher, ii, pp. xxxixff.; also Karoline Pichler, Denkwürdigkeiten aus meinem Leben, edited by Emil Blümml (München, 1914), i, 291, 564.The Sonntagsblatt was modeled after Addison’s and Steele’s journal. Cf. Karl Glossy, “Joseph Schreyvogels Projekt einer Wochenschrift,” Jahrbuch der Grillparzer Gesellschaft, viii, 304-324, as well as the Sonntagsblatt itself.Tagebücher, ii, 40.Ibid., p. 46.Ibid., pp. 62, 65.Ibid., p. 106.Ibid., p. 124.Ibid., p. 194.Ibid., p. 195.Ibid., p. 203.Ibid., p. 213.In spite of Sonnleithner’s efforts in his behalf, Schreyvogel did not think much of him, considering him stubborn and vain. Cf. Tagebücher, iii, 25, 40.For details cf. Karl Glossy, “Zur Geschichte der Theater Wiens,” Jahrbuch der Grillparzer Gesellschaft, xxv, xxvi, xxx.Tagebücher, iii, 13.Glossy, op. cit., Jahrbuch der Grillparzer Gesellschaft, xxv; also Schreyvogels Tagebücher, iii, 25, 27, 40, and passim.Tagebücher, iii, 124f.Ibid., pp. 127f, 130f.Ibid., p. 132f.Ibid., p. 133.Ibid., pp. 164, 172, 178. For his reaction to the charge that he plagiarized Gries cf. ibid., p. 263.Franz Grillparzer, Sämtliche Werke, Ausgabe der Stadt Wien, edited by August Sauer (Vienna, 1909ff.), 1, 16, p. 116. All future references to Grillparzer’s works will be to this edition, unless otherwise indicated, and it will be abbreviated as Werke. Josef Sonnleithner (1766-1835) was a brother of Grillparzer’s mother. For details on his life, cf. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, xxxiv, 640f.Werke, i, 16, p. 116.Ibid., ii, 7, p. 49.Ibid., i, 16, p. 114f.Ibid., i, 16, p. 115ff.Ibid., p. 116. For details cf. Freiherr Theobald von Rizy, “Grillparzer und Schreyvogel,” Jahrbuch der Grillparzer Gesellschaft, xi, 1ff. For a defense of Hebenstreit’s action, cf. Josef Leitner, “Die Anfänge der Wiener Theaterkritik und der Kritiker Wilhelm Hebenstreit,” Jahrbuch der Grillparzer Gesellschaft, xxxi, n5-137.Ibid., p. 117.In view of his subsequent friendship with Schreyvogel, the temptation was great to put himself in a good light in the Schreyvogel-Hebenstreit feud that followed. Cf. also Werke, ii, 7, p. 30.Tagebücher, iii, 185, 187.Werke, 1, 16, p. 117.Ibid., ii, 7, p. 12, also ibid., pp. 5, 17, 19f, 30, 47, 52 and passim. For a full discussion of Grillparzer’s early works cf. Heinrich Keidel, Die dramatischen Versuche des jungen Grillparzer, Münster i. W., 1911.Werke, i, 16, p. 117. For a somewhat embroidered version of the first meeting between Schreyvogel and Grillparzer, cf. Grillparzer: Gespräche und Charakteristiken seiner Persönlichkeit, edited by A. Sauer, “Schriften des Literarischen Vereins in Wien” (Wien, 1904ff.), i, 65, hereafter cited as Gespräche.Werke, i, 16, p. 118.Ibid., p. 118ff.Ibid., p. 119f.Ibid., p. 121.Ibid., p. 121.Tagebücher, iii, 200f., entries of August 25 and September 3, 1816. In this and certain quotations below I have emphasized passages that seem especially noteworthy by italics. Where the emphasis occurs in the original German, this is indicated by the usual spacing (Sperrdruck).Ibid., p. 203f.Werke, i, 16, p. 121.Ibid., p. 121.Tagebücher, iii, 204.Ibid., p. 205.Ibid., p. 208.Ibid., p, 213.Ibid., p. 219.Werke, i, 16, p. 122. According to J. H. Eisler, a contemporary who wrote an article in honor of Grillparzer’s seventy-third birthday in 1864, Schreyvogel rushed to the Leopoldstadt, where the Vienna literati used to gather, and with flushed cheeks, every gesture betraying great excitement, he called to one of his friends: “Ich - ich hab’ ihn gefunden, jetzt wird es anders werden!” He then read them parts of the Ahnfrau MS, Gespräche, i, 135f. In Eisler’s account Schreyvogel read from the MS, written on blue paper in an illegible scrawl. Heinrich Laube gives a somewhat different version of this incident, in 1871. “Da ist ein junger Student vom Bauernmarkte in Wien oft abends ins Theater gegangen … und eines Vormittags geht dieser junge Mann auf die Theaterkanzlei zu Schreyvogel und übergibt diesem ein Manuskript, das Manuskript eines Theaterstückes. Es ist ein Folioformat, ist graues grobes Papier - solides Papier, man kannte damals noch kein Maschinenpapier - und die Schrift ist fein, ist klein. Es ist ein Trauerspiel und heißt: ‘Die Ahnfrau’.” According to this report, which obviously telescopes some of the facts, Schreyvogel, recognizing the talent of the writer and the dramatic power of the drama, wanted to produce it, but wanted certain changes made. “Das sagt er dem jungen Dichter und hört mit Erstaunen, daß der gar nicht leicht auf Änderung eingeht, daß der sehr genau weiß, was er will, und daß er sich nicht einverstanden erklärt mit einigen Zusätzen.” Gespräche, i, 151f. Cf. also Bauernfeld’s account, ibid., iii, 21.Werke, i, 16, p. 122.Tagebücher, iii, 235; cf. also Werke, i, 16, p. 122.Werke, i, 16, p. 123.Tagebücher, iii, 164.Ibid., 236.Ibid., 236.Many years later he said to Robert Zimmermann that he considered his Ahnfrau a good drama. “Was da vom Schicksal drinnen steht, das ist nicht von mir; ich verstand nichts vom Theater. Der damalige Theatersekretär Schreyvogel, der war ein großer Freund von Müllner, von der Schuld, u.s.w., der hat darauf gedrungen, daß es betont werden soll, der hat die Schuld vom Geschlecht her hineingebracht.” He added that now he was a Schicksalsdichter no matter what . Jahrbuch der Grillparzer Gesellschaft, iv, 344. For details on this question, cf. Josef Kohm, “Zur Charakteristik der ‘Ahnfrau’,” Jahrbuch der Grillparzer Gesellschaft, xi, 23-76; Jacob Minor, “Zur Geschichte der deutschen Schicksalstragödie und zu Grillparzers ‘Ahnfrau’,” Jahrbuch der Grillparzer Gesellschaft, ix, 1-79: Jacob Minor, “Die Ahnfrau und die Schicksalstragödie,” Forschungen zur neueren Literaturgeschichte, Festgabe, 1898, pp. 387-434; Hermann Feilner, Grillparzers Auffassung des Schicksals, Dissertation, Würzburg, 1928.Tagebücher, iii, 236.Werke, i, 16, p. 124f.Ibid., ii, 7, p. 396.Ibid., p. 396.Ibid., i, 16, p. 124. Cf. ibid., p. 122, for reasons why Grillparzer did not publish his original MS of Die Ahnfrau.Ibid., i, 14 pp. 3ff. Cf. ibid., pp. 6-10, for Grillparzer’s “Erklärung gegen die Kritiker des Trauerspiels ‘Die Ahnfrau’,” and ibid., pp. 224-232, for other details of the feud with the critics. He also wrote an explanation of his views about fate, ibid., pp. 15-19.Ibid., i, 1, p. 3.Ibid., p. 4.Ibid., p. 5.Tagebücher, iii, 248.Werke, i, 10, p. 7.Ibid., i, 14, p. 5.Gespräche, xii, 299. Cf. also Karl Glossy, “Josef Schreyvogel und der Dichter der ‘Ahnfrau’,” Kleinere Schriften (Vienna, 1918), pp. 105-112.Werke, iii, i, p. 79f. Cf. also ibid., i, 16, p. 124f., for another instance of Hebenstreit’s treachery toward Grillparzer.Ibid., iii, i, p. 80. Cf. also Gespräche, xx, 131, and ibid., p. 132.Glossy, op. cit., Jahrbuch der Grillparzer Gesellschaft, xxv, 231. For details on the Hebenstreit-Müllner feud, cf. Schreyvogels Tagebücher, iii, 468ff.Glossy, op. cit., p. 230, also pp. 212, 228.Ibid., pp. 231, 316.Werke, ii, 241f, p. 102ff.Tagebücher, iii, 237f., 240.Ibid., p. 243.Ibid., p. 243.Ibid., pp. 241f., 251.Ibid., p. 245f.Ibid., p. 249.Ibid., p. 252.For Grillparzer’s comments about Die Ahnfrau made many years later and still showing the deep hurt he feit, cf. Gespräche, vi, 244, to A. Foglar; ibid., xii, 190ff., to W. Wartenegg; ibid., xv, 104ff., to R. Zimmermann; ibid., xx, 43, to L. A. Frankl; p. 163, to A. Littrow-Bischoff; p. 284, to Laube.Tagebücher, iii, 252, 254.Ibid., pp. 257, 259, 260.Ibid., p. 262.Karoline Pichler, op. cit., ii, 91f.Ibid., ii, 95.Ibid., ii, 142 and Anmerkung, p. 492; also Jahrbuch der Grillparzer Gesellschaft, iii, 327. Cf. also ibid., p. 309, and Gespräche, ii, 9, 185f.Ibid., ii, 135f.Werke, iii, 1, p. 187.Pichler, op. cit., ii, 489.For Grillparzer’s letters to Pichler cf. Werke, iii, 1, pp. 173, 176, 183, 187, 193.Ibid., i, 16, p. 128.Ibid., iii, 1, p. 83.Gespräche, op. cit., iii, 37f. For Böttiger-Schreyvogel correspondence dealing with Grillparzer, cf. ibid., pp. 38, 41-48, and passim.Werke, iii, 1, p. 131.Gespräche, xx, 132.Werke, iii, 1, p. 87f.Ibid., p. 90.Ibid., p. 91.For the first draft of his reply to Müllner, cf. Werke, iii, 1, p. 97ff.; for second draft, ibid., p. 101ff. Cf. also ibid., p. 107.Ibid., p. 116.Ibid., pp. 126-129.Ibid., i, 16, p. 131.Tagebücher, iii, 282.Ibid., p. 284.Werke, i, 14, pp. 24-26. Cf. also ibid., iii, 1, pp. 135-137, for the same.Tagebücher, iii, 284.Gespräche, iii, p. 44ff. For details, cf. ibid., p. 294; also Jahrbuch der Grillparzer Gesellschaft, i, 193ff.Ibid., p. 46.Tagebücher, iii, 294.Ibid., p. 294.Ibid., p. 295.Ibid., p. 295, entries of May 1 and 2; also Werke, 1, 16, p. 132f.Ibid., p. 296.Ibid., p. 297.Werke, 1, 16, p. 133; cf. also p. 132.Ibid., p. 133.Gespräche, iii, 48.Ibid., p. 54; Tagebücher, iii, 296.Cf. Tagebücher, iii, 297, for details of this passage at arms.Gespräche, iii, 62.Tagebücher, iii, 300.Ibid., p. 299.Ibid., p. 298.Gespräche, xx, 138; cf. also p. 139f.Tagebücher, iii, 486.Werke, iii, 1, p. 137.Gespräche, xx, 140f.Tagebücher, iii, 301.Ibid., p. 487. Cf. also Werke, iii, 5, p. 245.Ibid., pp. 350, 351, 353. Cf. Jahrbuch der Grillparzer Gesellschaft, XVI, 272, for other details.Ibid., p. 307. By October 20 Schreyvogel had made the suggested changes and now felt that his comedy would find favor, p. 307. Only one month earlier he had told himself to despise literary vanities! Ibid., p. 306.Franz Grillparzer, Sämtliche Werke, edited by A. Sauer (Stuttgart, 1893), xii, 147-148.Tagebücher, iii, 309.Ibid., p, 313.Ibid., p. 316. It had to be withdrawn after three performances.Ibid., pp. 320, 326.Ibid., p. 319. In noting the death of Grillparzer’s mother Schreyvogel’s comment was: “Das muß sehr nachteilig auf den jungen Mann wirken.” Ibid., p. 319.Ibid., pp. 311, 321.Werke, iii, 1, p. 193. Cf. also ibid., p. 185ff.Ibid., p. 183.Ibid., p. 205ff.There is disagreement among critics about some of the incidents connected with the publication of this poem. For details cf. August Sauer, “Proben eines Kommentars zu Grillparzers Gedichten,” Jahrbuch der Grillparzer Gesellschaft, vii, 32; also Werke, iii, i, p. 409; Euphorion, iii, 581.Tagebücher, iii, 332.Werke, i, 16, p. 155ff.Ibid., p. 157. For details of the trip to Italy with the Emperor’s party, cf. ibid., p. 138ff.For Grillparzer’s defense of his poem, cf. ibid., iii, i, pp. 213-220. For “Die Ruinen des Campo Vaccino,” cf. ibid., i, 10, pp. 31-36, and for the genesis, analysis, and interpretation of it, cf. Sauer op. cit., Jahrbuch der Grillparzer Gesellschaft, vii, 30ff., also “Zu Grillparzers ‘Die Ruinen des Campo Vaccino’ in Rom,” Jahrbuch der Grillparzer Gesellschaft, vii, 303-307; also Gespräche, xx, 145, and Werke, i, 10, p. 278.Werke, i, 16, p. 158, also p. 156f. and ii, 10, p. 208, for a long diary-entry written in 1838, in which Grillparzer wrote about the troubles he had after the publication of this poem.Gespräche, xx, 148; cf. also Pichler, op. cit., p. 135f.Tagebücher, iii, 333.Ibid., pp. 335, 337.Ibid., p. 335. This loan was for 500 florins and was repaid by Schreyvogel December 19, 1821, ibid., p. 359.Gespräche, xx, 142.Tagebücher, iii, 344, 348, 359.Werke, i, 16, p. 158.Ibid., p. 158.Ibid., p. 159.Ibid., p. 159.Gespräche, iii, 83, 141.Tagebücher, iii, 357. For an interesting dream which Grillparzer had about Medea and Schreyvogel, cf. Werke, ii, 7, p. 359f.Tagebücher, iii, 357, 360.Ibid. pp. 364, 366.Ibid., p. 366.Ibid., p. 369 and passim.Werke, i, 16, p. 169f.Gespräche, iii, 203-205. Cf. ibid., p. 206, for Sedlnitzky’s report to the Hof- und Staatskanzlei in which he was not sure whether the drama should be prohibited or rewritten.Werke, iii, i, p. 300. Cf. Gespräche, iii, 265 and 276 for other Sedlnitzky reports on Ottokar, March 4 and December 10, 1825.Ibid., i, 16, p. 215.Ibid., iii, 2, p. 15.Jahrbuch der Grillparzer Gesellschaft, v, 62.Gespräche, vi, 14.Ibid., p. 15; cf. also p. 461.Ibid., iii, 385.Werke, i, 12/1, Gedichte, iii/i, p. 43. Cf. Werke, ii, 11, p. 201, for an interesting comment by Grillparzer on Lessing.Ibid., i, 14, p. 51ff.Ibid., p. 53.Ibid., p. 54; cf. also ibid., ii, 9, p. 73f.Ibid., p. 56f.Ibid., iii, 2, p. 125.Ibid., p. 178f.Ibid., ii, 8, p. 298.Ibid., p. 59.Ibid., p. 196; cf. also pp. 201, 203, 285, 293, and ii, 7, p. 369.Ibid., ii, 8, p. 297f.Ibid., ii, 9, p. 1; cf. also ibid ., ii, 8, pp. 285, 293.Ibid., ii, 10, p. 148.Ibid., p. 141.Ibid., p. 141. For Grillparzer’s opinion of Heine, cf. Dorothy Lasher-Schlitt, Grillparzer’s Attitude Toward the Jews (New York, 1936), pp. 51-57.Cf. particularly Erich Weiss, Grillparzer als Beurteiler dichterischer Werke, Dissertation, University of Zürich, 1938.Werke, ii, 8, pp. 92, 101, 123, 127, 327, 328, and passim: also ii, 9, p. 143.Ibid., pp. 255, 257, also ii, 10, pp. 151, 153, 183, 207, and passim.Ibid., i, 12/1, Gedichte, iii/i, pp. 9, 11, 12, and 14 contain some of the bitter Xenien Grillparzer wrote about the critics.
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