The European Union summary report on data of the surveillance of ruminants for the presence of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) in 2015
2016; Wiley; Volume: 14; Issue: 12 Linguagem: Inglês
10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4643
ISSN1831-4732
AutoresFrank Boelaert, Marta Hugas, Angel Ortiz Pelaez, V. Rizzi, Pietro Stella, Yves Van der Stede,
Tópico(s)Metallurgy and Material Science
ResumoEFSA JournalVolume 14, Issue 12 e04643 Scientific ReportOpen Access The European Union summary report on data of the surveillance of ruminants for the presence of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) in 2015 European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)Search for more papers by this authorFrank Boelaert, Frank BoelaertSearch for more papers by this authorMarta Hugas, Marta HugasSearch for more papers by this authorAngel Ortiz Pelaez, Angel Ortiz PelaezSearch for more papers by this authorValentina Rizzi, Valentina RizziSearch for more papers by this authorPietro Stella, Pietro StellaSearch for more papers by this authorYves Van Der Stede, Yves Van Der StedeSearch for more papers by this author European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)Search for more papers by this authorFrank Boelaert, Frank BoelaertSearch for more papers by this authorMarta Hugas, Marta HugasSearch for more papers by this authorAngel Ortiz Pelaez, Angel Ortiz PelaezSearch for more papers by this authorValentina Rizzi, Valentina RizziSearch for more papers by this authorPietro Stella, Pietro StellaSearch for more papers by this authorYves Van Der Stede, Yves Van Der StedeSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 December 2016 https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4643Citations: 10 Correspondence: zoonoses@efsa.europa.eu Requestor: European Commission Question number: EFSA-Q-2015-00653 Acknowledgements: EFSA wishes to thank the following parties for the support provided for this report: European Commission (Lucie Carrouee, Eric Thevenard, Kris De Smet) who provided the data for extraction and review of the report; Dr Maria Nöremark (National Veterinary Institute, Sweden) and Dr Christian Ducrot (Unité d'Epidemiology Animale, INRA, France) for their scientific review of this report; EFSA staff members (Yves Van der Stede, Angel Ortiz Pelaez, Valentina Rizzi, Pietro Stella, Frank Boelaert) and the EFSA contractor: the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte (Unit Biostatistica Epidemiologia e Analisi del Rischio and staff: Giuseppe Ru, Francesco Ingravalle, Cristina Bona, Rosanna Desiato, Cristiana Maurella, Eleonora Aiassa). Approved: 9 November 2016 AboutSectionsPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract This report of EFSA presents the results of surveillance activities on transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) in bovine animals, sheep and goats as well as genotyping data in sheep, carried out in 2015 in the EU and in three non-Member States (non-MS). Since 2001, approximately 114 million cattle in the EU have been tested for bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) according Regulation (EC) 999/2001. In 2015, 1.4 million bovine animals were tested and five cases were detected in four MS (Ireland: one case; Slovenia: one case; Spain: one case; and the United Kingdom: two cases) and one case was detected in Norway. Two cases (in Ireland and the United Kingdom) were affected by classical BSE and both cases were born after the EU-wide feed ban enforced in 2001. The remaining four cases were atypical BSE cases (three H-BSE type and one L-BSE type). Since 2002, approximately 8.4 million small ruminants have been tested during the EU-wide surveillance for scrapie. In 2015, 319,638 sheep and 135,857 goats were tested. In total, 641 scrapie cases in sheep were detected in 18 MS while 1,052 scrapie cases in goats were detected in nine MS, respectively. In two non-MS (Iceland and Norway), 40 scrapie cases in sheep were detected. Although in a number of MS the decrease in classical scrapie is clear, at the EU level there is no clear decreasing trend in the occurrence of scrapie in small ruminants. Results obtained from genotyping in sheep confirm that cases of classical scrapie are clustered among certain genotypes, and animals with these genotypes seem to account for less than 20% of the European randomly sampled sheep population. In total, 580 samples from species other than domestic ruminants were tested for TSE in three MS, all with negative results. Summary This report of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) presents the detailed results of monitoring activities on transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) in bovine animals, sheep and goats carried out during 2015 in the European Union (EU) and three non-Member States (non-MS) as well as a summary and trends of the monitoring between 2001 and 2015. TSE monitoring data for bovine animals and small ruminants are reported by countries according to Regulation (EC) 999/2001 and consist of testing data (monthly reported) as well as case data (positive tested and/or confirmed positive animals). Data regarding the genotyping activities carried out on the ovine TSE cases, as well as on randomly selected sheep, were retrieved from the annual reports submitted by the Member States (MS) and non-MS in accordance with Article 6.4 of, and as specified in Chapter B.I of Annex III to, Regulation (EC) 999/2001, i.e. the TSE Regulation. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. Where possible, descriptions and calculations were stratified according to the available variables in the database, such as surveillance target group (healthy slaughtered animals, animals culled under bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)/TSE control and eradication measures, etc.) or activity (passive vs active surveillance), country, year (since 2001 and 2002, respectively, for bovine animals and small ruminants), case type (i.e. classical BSE (C-BSE), atypical BSE (H-BSE or L-BSE), classical scrapie (CS) or atypical scrapie (AS)), flock status (infected/non-infected) and age class. Since 2001, approximately 114 million bovine animals have been tested for BSE in the EU. There has been a decrease in the number of animals tested over time following amendments in the Regulation (EC) 999/2001. In 2015, around 1.4 million animals were tested in the EU. The number of positive BSE cases has also decreased over time, both in terms of absolute number of cases as well as the proportion of cases in tested animals. In 2015, only five BSE cases were detected in the EU, all among tested fallen stock from four different MS (Ireland, Slovenia, Spain and the United Kingdom). Two cases were C-BSE, both of them born after the EU-wide feed ban was enforced in 2001 (BARB cases). The remaining three cases in the EU were of atypical type (two H-BSE and one L-BSE, respectively). In addition, one case of H-BSE was detected in one non-MS (Norway). A clear decline in the annual rate of cases per million tests performed was observed for the whole period of BSE monitoring in the EU (2001–2015). An increase in the age of the affected animals is observed and there is an accumulation of cases in animals born in the mid-1990s. Since 2002, approximately 8.4 million small ruminants have been tested for scrapie in the EU. In 2015, approximately 300,000 sheep and 135,000 goats were tested. In 2015, 641 scrapie cases in sheep and 1,052 scrapie cases in goats were detected in the EU. The scrapie cases in sheep were detected in 18 MS, whereas caprine cases (± 90% reported by Cyprus) were detected in nine MS. In addition, 40 cases in sheep were detected in two out of the three reporting non-MS. There is no clear trend of improvement in the epidemiological situation of small ruminant TSEs overall in the countries included in the report, either in terms of the absolute number of cases or cases in tested animals. However, in some MS there is a decline of CS. The genotyping data confirm that CS in sheep is clustered among genetically susceptible animal while these animals account for less than 20% of the random sampled sheep. In addition, 580 samples from species other than domestic animals were tested in three MS (Estonia, Finland and Hungary) in 2015 by, all with negative results. 1 Introduction 1.1 Background and Terms of Reference According to Part I.A, Chapter B.I Annex III of Regulation (EC) 999/20011 (hereinafter referred to as the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) Regulation), the information to be presented by the Member States (MS) in their annual report, as provided for in Article 6(4), includes: The number of suspected cases placed under official movement restrictions in accordance with Article 12(1), per animal species. The number of suspected cases subject to laboratory examination in accordance with Article 12(2), per animal species, including the results of the rapid and confirmatory tests (number of positives and negatives) and, with regard to bovine animals, the age distribution of all tested animals. The age distribution should be grouped as follows: ‘below 24 months’, distribution per 12 months between 24 and 155 months, and ‘above 155 months’ of age. The number of flocks where suspected cases in ovine and caprine animals have been reported and investigated pursuant to Article 12(1) and (2). The number of bovine animals tested within each subpopulation referred to in Chapter A, Part I, points 2.1, 2.2, 3.1 and 5. The method of the sample selection, the results of the rapid and confirmatory tests and the age distribution of the tested animals grouped as set out in point 2 shall be provided. The number of ovine and caprine animals and flocks tested within each subpopulation referred to in Chapter A, Part II, points 2, 3, 5 and 6 together with the method for sample selection and the results of the rapid and confirmatory tests. The geographical distribution, including the country of origin if not the same as the reporting country, of positive cases of BSE and scrapie. The year, and where possible the month of birth shall be given for each TSE case in bovine, ovine and caprine animals. TSE cases which have been considered atypical shall be indicated. For scrapie cases, the results of the primary and secondary molecular testing, referred to in Annex X, Chapter C, point 3.2(c), shall be reported, where appropriate. In animals other than bovine, ovine and caprine animals, the number of samples and confirmed TSE cases per species. The genotype, and, where possible, the breed, of each ovine animal either found positive to TSE and sampled in accordance with Chapter A, Part II, point 8.1, or sampled in accordance with Chapter A, Part II, point 8.2. According to Chapter B.II, ‘the compilation of reports containing the information referred to in B.I and submitted to the Commission (which shall send it to the European Food Safety Authority) on a monthly basis in the electronic format agreed between the MS, the Commission and the European Food Safety Authority or, with regard to the information referred to in point 8 on a quarterly basis, may constitute the annual report as required by Article 6(4), provided that the information is updated whenever additional information becomes available’. The Union summary shall be presented in a tabled format covering at least the information referred to in Part I.A Chapter B.I for each MS. From 1 January 2016, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) shall analyse the information referred to in Part I Chapter B.I and publish by the end of November a summary report on the trends and sources of TSEs in the European Union (EU). 1.2 Surveillance of TSEs in the European Union 1.2.1 Legal basis Animals suspected of a TSE should be examined in accordance with Article 12.2 of the TSE Regulation. The legal framework for the active monitoring of ruminants for the presence of TSE is laid down in Article 6 of the TSE Regulation, and specified in its Annex III Chapter A. Out of the 27 MS at that time, Commission Decision 2009/719/EC,2 allowed 25 MS (all except Bulgaria, Romania) to apply a revised bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) monitoring programme. Commission Implementing Decision 2013/76/EU3 of 4 February 2013, amending Commission Decision 2009/719/EC, authorised these 25 MS to decide to stop testing healthy slaughtered bovine animals. The legal basis for the sample collection and for the test methods is laid down in Chapter C of Annex X of the TSE Regulation. From 2005, Annex X (as amended by Commission Regulation (EC) No 36/20054) also provides for mandatory discriminatory testing for BSE of TSE cases detected in small ruminants. The legal basis for the testing for the determination of the prion protein genotypes (genotype testing) is laid down in points 8.1 and 8.2 of Chapter A in Annex III of TSE Regulation. 1.2.2 BSE surveillance of bovine animals The BSE surveillance of bovine animals is based on the testing of samples from the following target groups: Animals clinically suspected of being infected by BSE (SU): Live, slaughtered or dead animals that show or have shown neurological or behavioural disorders or a progressive deterioration of the general condition linked to impairment of the central nervous system and for which the information gathered on the basis of a clinical examination, response to treatment, a post-mortem examination or ante- or post-mortem laboratory analysis do not allow an alternative diagnosis to be established. BSE shall be suspected in bovine animals, which have produced a positive result from a rapid test specifically for BSE as defined in Article 3 1(h) of the TSE Regulation and subject to the measures described in Articles 12 and 13. Animals culled under BSE eradication measures (EM): Birth cohorts (bovine animals born in the same herd as the affected bovine animal, and within 12 months preceding or following the date of birth of the affected bovine animal), rearing cohorts (bovine animals which at any time during the first year of their lives were reared together with the affected bovine animal during the first year of its life) (point 2 Annex I) and, where the disease was confirmed in a female animal, its progeny born within a period of 2 years prior to, or after, the clinical onset of the disease (point 1(a) Chapter B Annex VII). Animals with clinical signs at ante mortem (AM): Bovine animals with (abnormal) observations at ante mortem inspections (Article 6 1a(a)). Emergency slaughtered (ES): Bovine animals sent for emergency slaughter (Article 6 1a(a)). Fallen stock (FS): Bovine animals not slaughtered for human consumption that have died or been killed on the farm, during transport or in an abattoir (Article 6 1a(c)) (the MS may decide to derogate from this provision in remote areas with low animal density, where no collection of dead animals is organised). The derogation shall not cover more than 10% of the bovine population in the MS. Healthy slaughtered (HS): Bovine animals slaughtered for human consumption (Article 6 1a(b)). The categories of bovine animals to be submitted to BSE testing are defined in the TSE Regulation and are based on a combination of age (limits) and surveillance target groups. The general rules for BSE surveillance, applied in 2015, are summarised in Table 1. The age limits, to be applied for certain surveillance target groups, have been changed over time and the main changes are summarised in Table 2. There are some differences in the application of these general rules due to specific national rules, these national rules, as applied in 2015, are shown in Table 3. Table 1. Criteria for BSE surveillance in bovine animals in 2015 by country, age limit and surveillance target group based on Regulation (EC) No 999/2001 as amended and Commission Implementing Decision 2013/76/EU of 4 February 2013 EU 25 EU 3: Romania, Bulgaria, Croatiaa Animals with clinical signs at ante mortem (AM); emergency slaughtered animals (ES); fallen stock (FS) > 48 months > 24 months Healthy slaughtered animals (HS) No mandatory testing required > 30 months Animal culled under BSE eradication measures (EM) > 48 months > 24 months BSE suspects (SU) All All a Different criteria were applied in 2015 because Bulgaria, Croatia and Romania were not in the list of the 25 MS at that time authorised to revise their BSE annual surveillance programmes according to Commission Implementing Decision 2013/76/EU of 4 February 2013. Table 2. Evolution of EU legislation on BSE surveillance by period (year and semester), surveillance target group as applied and implemented by the MS and non-MS between 2001 and 2015 Period HS FS, ES, AM Country (MS and non-MS) Legal provisions 2001 Jan–Jun > 30a > 30 AT, BE, DE, DK, EE, EL, ES, FI, FR, IE, IT, LU, NL, PT, SE, UK Reg (EC) No 999/2001 2001 Jul–Dec > 30 > 24 AT, BE, DE, DK, EE, EL, ES, FI, FR, IE, IT, LU, NL, PT, SE, UK Reg (EC) No 1248/2001c 2002 Jan–Dec > 30 > 24 2003 Jan–Dec > 30 > 24 AT, BE, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, EL, ES, FI, FR, HU, IE, IT, LT, LU, LV, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, SE, SI, UK 2004 Jan–Dec > 30 > 24 AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, EL, ES, FI, FR, HU, IE, IT, LT, LU, LV, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, SE, SI, SK, UK 2005 Jan–Dec > 30 > 24 2006 Jan–Dec > 30 > 24 2007 Jan–Dec > 30 > 24 AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, EL, ES, FI, FR, HU, IE, IT, LT, LU, LV, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, SE, SI, SK, UK 2008 Jan–Dec > 30 > 24 2009 Jan–Dec > 48 > 48 AT, BE, CY, DE, DK, EL, ES, FI, FR, IE, IT, LU, NL, PT, SE, SI, UK Dec 2008/908/CEd 2010 Jan–Dec 2011 Jan–Dec > 72 > 48 AT, BE, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, EL, ES, FI, FR, HU, IE, IT, LT, LU, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, SE, SI, SK, UK Dec 2011/358/CEe 2012 Jan–Dec 2013 Jan–Dec – > 48 AT, BE, CY, CZ, DE, DKb, EE, EL, ES, FI, FR, HU, IE, IT, LT, LU, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, SE, SI, SK, UK Dec 2013/76/CEf 2014 Jan–Dec 2015 Jan–Dec –: Not Applicable; AM: ante mortem; ES: emergency slaughtered; FS: fallen stock; HS: healthy slaughtered. a Age limits are expressed in months. b The legal provision Dec 2013/76/EC came into force on the 1st Feb 2013. Denmark implemented this provision in July 2013. From Jan 2013–July 2013, Denmark tested HS > 72 randomly. c Commission Regulation (EC) No 1248/2001 of 22 June 2001 amending Annexes III, X and XI to Regulation (EC) No 999/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards epidemio-surveillance and testing of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies OJ L 173, 27.6.2001, p. 12–22. d 2008/908/EC: Commission Decision of 28 November 2008 authorising certain Member States to revise their annual BSE monitoring programme. OJ L 327, 5.12.2008, p. 24–26. e 2011/358/EU: Commission Implementing Decision of 17 June 2011 amending Decision 2009/719/EC authorising certain Member States to revise their annual BSE monitoring programmes. OJ L 161, 21.6.2011, p. 29–33. f 2013/76/EU: Commission Implementing Decision of 4 February 2013 amending Decision 2009/719/EC authorising certain Member States to revise their annual BSE monitoring programmes. OJ L 35, 6.2.2013, p. 6–7. Table 3. Age limits of bovine animals tested for BSE surveillance applied in 2015 by the MS and surveillance target group Member State Surveillance target group SU FS ES AM HS EM AT No age limit > 48a > 24 > 24 No testing No age limit BE No age limit > 48 > 48 > 48 No testing > 24 BG No age limit > 24 > 24 > 24 > 30 No age limit CY No age limit > 48 > 48 > 48 No testing > 48 CZ No age limit > 24 > 24 > 24 No testing No age limit DE No age limit > 48 > 48 > 48 No testing No age limit DK No age limit > 48 > 48 > 48 No testing > 48 EE No age limit > 48 > 48 > 48 No testing No age limit EL No age limit > 48 > 48 > 48 > 72 No age limit ES No age limit > 48 > 48 > 48 Born before 2001 and coming from flocks with BSE positive cases No age limit FI No age limit > 48 > 48 > 48 No testing No age limit FR No age limit > 24 > 24 > 24 Born after 2001 > 24 HR No age limit > 24 > 24 > 24 > 30 No age limit HU No age limit > 24 > 24 > 24 No testing No age limit IE No age limit > 48 > 48 > 48 No testing > 48 IT No age limit > 48 > 48 > 48 No testing No age limit LT No age limit > 48 > 48 > 48 No testing No age limit LU No age limit > 48 > 48 > 48 No testing > 48 LV No age limit > 24 > 24 > 24 No testing No age limit MT No age limit > 48 > 48 > 48 No testing No age limit NL No age limit > 48 > 48 > 48 No testing No age limit PL No age limit > 48 > 48 > 48 > 96 > 48 PT No age limit > 48 > 48 > 48 No testing No age limit RO No age limit > 24 > 24 > 24 > 30 No age limit SE No age limit > 48 > 48 > 48 No testing No age limit SI No age limit > 24 > 24 > 24 No testing No age limit SK No age limit > 24 > 24 > 24 No testing No age limit UK No age limit > 48 > 48 > 48 No testing No age limit SU: BSE suspected; FS: fallen stock; ES: emergency slaughtered; AM: ante mortem; HS: healthy slaughtered; EM: eradication measures. a Age limits are expressed in months; in Austria, if surveillance target group is FS and animals are born in Romania, Bulgaria or Croatia the age limit is > 24. 1.2.2.1 Testing protocol for BSE surveillance in bovine animals All samples intended to be examined for the presence of a TSEs in general shall be collected using the methods and protocols laid down in the latest edition of the Manual for diagnostic tests and vaccines for Terrestrial Animals of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). Samples from bovine animals sent for laboratory testing pursuant to the provisions of Annex III, Chapter A, Part I shall be examined by a rapid test. When the result of the rapid test is inconclusive or positive, the sample shall immediately be subjected to confirmatory examinations using at least one of the following methods and protocols laid down in the latest edition of the Manual (Figure 1). Figure 1Open in figure viewerPowerPoint Testing protocol for bovine animals (a): Suspect cases should be immediately subjected to confirmatory examinations. (b): If histopathology is negative or inconclusive or if there is a discrepancy between rapid tests, a new examination with another confirmatory method is needed. Samples from bovine animals collected from suspect cases should immediately be subjected to confirmatory examinations using at least one of the following methods: immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blot (WB), demonstration of characteristic scrapie-associated fibrils (SAF) by electron microscopy, or histopathological examination and a combination of rapid tests. Rapid tests may be used for both primary screening and, if inconclusive or positive, subsequent confirmation according to the guidelines from the TSE European Union Reference Laboratory (EURL). According to point 3.1(b) Chapter C Annex X, where the result of the primary screening is not confirmed by the subsequent rapid test, the sample must be subjected to an examination using one of the other confirmatory methods. Where histopathological examination is used for that purpose, but proves to be inconclusive or negative, the tissues must be submitted to further examination using one of the other confirmatory methods and protocols. Samples from all positive BSE cases should be forwarded to a laboratory for discriminatory testing of confirmed BSE cases, for the classification of bovine TSE isolates, according to point 3.1(a)(c) Chapter C Annex X of the TSE Regulation, as amended by Commission regulation 630/20135. 1.2.3 TSE surveillance of small ruminants The surveillance of ovine and caprine animals for the presence of TSE is performed based on testing samples obtained from the following surveillance target groups: Animals clinically suspected of being infected by a TSE (SU): Ovine and caprine live, slaughtered or dead animals that show or have shown neurological or behavioural disorders or a progressive deterioration of the general condition linked to impairment of the central nervous system and for which the information gathered on the basis of a clinical examination, response to treatment, a post-mortem examination or an ante- or post-mortem laboratory analysis do not allow an alternative diagnosis to be established (Article 3 1(h)of the TSE Regulation), and subject to the measures described in Articles 12 and 13 of the TSE Regulation. Animals culled under TSE eradication measures (EM): In the case of a TSE-infected flock or herd where BSE cannot be excluded, all animals, embryos and ova identified by the inquiry shall be killed completely destroyed, without delay. When BSE and atypical scrapie (AS) can be excluded, and option 1 (killing and complete destruction or slaughtered for human consumption of all animals) has been applied, animals over 18 months of age that are killed for destruction shall be tested for the presence of TSE based on the selection of a simple random sample, in accordance with the sample size set in Annex III Chapter A, Section II Point 5. If derogations for killing and destruction are applied, all animals which are over 18 months of age slaughtered for human consumption shall be tested. When option 2 is applied (killing and complete destruction or slaughtered for human consumption of the susceptible animals only), after the genotyping of all ovine animals, a simple random sample of the animals over 18 months of age selected for killing and destruction shall be tested for the presence of TSE in accordance with the sample size set in Annex III Chapter A, Section II Point 5. If derogations for killing and destruction are applied, all animals which are over 18 months of age slaughtered for human consumption shall be tested. Animals not slaughtered for human consumption (NSHC): Ovine and caprine animals that have died or been killed, but which were not killed in the framework of a disease eradication campaign, or slaughtered for human consumption. Minimum sample sizes are set to take into account the size of the ovine populations in the individual MS and are intended to provide achievable targets (see Table 4). — In the case of an infected flock or herd where either option 1, 2, 3 or derogations (point 2.2.2 b ii and iii) have been applied, and during the intensified TSE testing programme for a period of 2 years or from the date of the detection of the last scrapie case, all animals (except ARR ovine animals) over the age of 18 months which have died or been killed on the holding but which were not killed in the framework of a disease eradication campaign must be tested for the presence of TSE. Healthy animals slaughtered for human consumption (SHC): The MS in which the population of ewes and ewe lambs put to the ram, in the case of sheep, or the population of goats that have already kidded and goats mated exceeds 750,000 animals shall test a minimum annual sample of 10,000 ovine and/or caprine animals slaughtered for human consumption (point 2(a) Section II Chapter A Annex III of the TSE Regulation) (see Table 4). The MS may choose to replace a maximum of 50% of its minimum sample size of ovine and caprine animals slaughtered for human consumption by testing dead ovine or caprine animals over the age of 18 months and a maximum of 10% of its minimum sample size of SHC and NSHC by testing ovine or caprine animals killed in the framework of a disease eradication campaign over the age of 18 months at the ratio of one to one. — In the case of an infected flock or herd where option 2 or derogations (point 2.2.2 b ii and iii) has been applied, and during the intensified TSE testing programme for a period of 2 years or from the date of the detection of the last scrapie case, animals which were kept in the holding at the time when the TSE case was confirmed, and which have been slaughtered for human consumption shall be tested for TSE. — In the case of an infected flock where option 3 (no mandatory killing and complete destruction of animals) or derogations (point 2.2.2 b ii and iii) have been applied, all of the animals which are over the age of 18 months (except ARR/ARR animals) which have been slaughtered for human consumption shall be tested for the presence of TSE. Table 4. TSE surveillance and control options in small ruminants, as defined in 2015 in the TSE regulation Ovine Caprine TSE suspects (SU) All All Surveillance in holdings under TSE control and eradication measures (EM) Different options of flock management are provided. Different options of flock management are provided. When BSE cannot be excluded All animals > 18 months killed for destruction shall be tested for TSE. All animals > 18 months killed for destruction shall be tested for TSE. When BSE and atypical scrapie can be excluded Option 1: Killing and complete destruction or slaughter for human consumption (SHC) of all animals. Animals > 18 months killed for destruction: a sample tested for TSE based on the actual number of animals killed. If derogations are applied: all animals > 18 months SHC shall be tested for the presence of TSE. Option 2: Killing and complete destruction of the suscept
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