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First Report of Bacterial Stem Rot Disease Caused by Paenibacillus polymyxa on Hylocereus undulatus in China

2017; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 101; Issue: 6 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1094/pdis-11-16-1577-pdn

1943-7692

R. Y. Zhang, Zhao Shurong, Zheng Tan, Chao hua Zhu,

Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 101, No. 6First Report of Bacterial Stem Rot Disease Caused by Paenibacillus polymyxa on Hylocereus undulatus in China PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Bacterial Stem Rot Disease Caused by Paenibacillus polymyxa on Hylocereus undulatus in ChinaR. Y. Zhang, S. X. Zhao, Z. Q. Tan, and C. H. ZhuR. Y. Zhang, S. X. Zhao, Z. Q. Tan, and C. H. ZhuAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations R. Y. Zhang S. X. Zhao Z. Q. Tan C. H. Zhu , Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China. Published Online:15 Mar 2017https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-16-1577-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat As a new tropical and subtropical fruit, Hylocereus undulates plants are now widely cultivated in southern China. H. undulates plants from a major growing area of southern China were affected by a bacterial stem rot disease. Disease incidence reached 100% in severely infected fields since 2014. The initial symptoms on fleshy stems of H. undulates plants are water-soaked, soft, dark green, and suborbicular lesions. The margins of lesions gradually turn yellow and brown. The fleshy stems then become completely decomposed, with only the central woody stem pith remaining. Rotten parts gradually spread from lesions to both ends of the fleshy stems. Rotten fleshy stems do not produce fruit, resulting in total loss of yield. A survey was conducted in the growing areas of Hainan, Guangxi, and Guizhou provinces in China. Two bacterial isolates of the causal agent were obtained from the rotten fleshy stems using nutrient agar (NA) (Pitman et al. 2010). Bacteria were gram positive, rod shaped, with peritrichous flagella. These bacterial isolates grew anaerobically. They did not produce pigment on NA and they were catalase positive. They could produce endospore and grew on NA at 37°C or 2% NaCl. They could not grow on NA at 50°C or 5% NaCl (Dong et al. 2001; Priest et al. 1988). These isolates could degrade pectin; hydrolyze starch and cellulose; reduce nitrate and litmus milk; and utilize D-glucose, L-arabinose, mannitol, D-xylose, glycerin, raffinose, and sodium benzoate. They were negative for oxidase and indole production; urea, egg yolk lecithin, and Tween 80 hydrolysis; and utilization of L-rhamnose, inulin, sorbitol, D-fructose, cellobiose, dulcitol, sodium citrate, sodium succinate, and sodium tartrate. Based on these morphological and biochemical assays, the pathogen of H. undulates bacterial stem rot was identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa Ash, Priest & Collin (Dong et al. 2001; Priest et al. 1988). The bacterial identity was further confirmed by amplifying the 16S rRNA gene with primer pair 27F/1492R (Pitman et al. 2010). The sequences were deposited in GenBank (accession nos. KX929058 and KX981592) and exhibited a 99% identity with P. polymyxa (JX849658). A pathogenicity assay was carried out using potted, greenhouse-grown H. undulates plants. Inoculum cultured in NA for 24 h at 28°C was suspended in distilled water. Fleshy stems (four replications) were sanitized in 0.1% mercuric chloride for 30 s, washed and rinsed in sterile distilled water, and injected with a bacterial suspension (5.0 × 108 CFU/ml). Distilled water was used as negative control. Inoculated and control plants were incubated at 90 to 100% RH (relative humidity) for 5 days at 25°C. After 48 h, all inoculated fleshy stems exhibited soft rot symptoms similar to those observed in the fields and the same bacteria were consistently reisolated. Symptoms were not observed on control plants. Thus, Koch's postulates were fulfilled. To our knowledge, this is the first report of H. undulates stem rot caused by P. polymyxa in China. Further studies are required to determine the strategy for control of bacterial stem rot disease in south China.References:Dong, X., et al. 2001. Systemic identification manual of common bacteria. Science Press, Beijing. Google ScholarPitman, A. R., et al. 2010. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 126:423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-009-9551-y Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarPriest, F. G., et al. 1988. J. Gen. Microbiol. 134:1847. Google ScholarThis work was supported by project of Ministry of Agriculture (201403075). R. Y. Zhang and S. X. Zhao are co-first authors.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 101, No. 6 June 2017SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Article History Issue Date: 17 May 2017Published: 15 Mar 2017First Look: 23 Jan 2017Accepted: 10 Jan 2017 Pages: 1031-1031 Information© 2017 The American Phytopathological SocietyCited byAnalysis of Bacterial Community Composition and Ecological Function during Soft Rot Process in Pitaya (Hylocereus spp.) StemsJournal of Chemistry, Vol. 2022Microbiological quality analysis of inoculants based on Bradyrhizobium spp. and Azospirillum brasilense produced "on farm" reveals high contamination with non-target microorganisms1 January 2022 | Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, Vol. 53, No. 1Characterization, Phylogenetic Analyses, and Pathogenicity of Enterobacter cloacae on Rice Seedlings in Heilongjiang Province, ChinaPeng Cao, Chenxu Li, Kefei Tan, Chuanzeng Liu, Xi Xu, Shaoyong Zhang, Xiangjing Wang, Junwei Zhao, and Wensheng Xiang22 April 2020 | Plant Disease, Vol. 104, No. 6Diseases of dragon fruit (Hylocereus species): Etiology and current management optionsCrop Protection, Vol. 126