Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
New Evidence on the Length of the Reign of Horemheb
2010; American Research Center in Egypt; Volume: 2008; Issue: 44 Linguagem: Inglês
ISSN
2330-1880
Autores Tópico(s)Historical, Religious, and Philosophical Studies
ResumoBased upon new finds from excavations at the tomb of Horemheb in the Valley of the Kings (KV 57) the author discusses the probable length of the reign of Horemheb of the 18th Dynasty. After noting the findings of numerous wine jar labels, the initial interpretation supports a reign length of 14 years with probable burial at the beginning of the 15th regnal year at the latest. A survey of the many discussions of the length of Horemheb's reign is included. length of the reign of Horemheb is one of those thorny issues in the chronology of the New Kingdom that keeps Egyptologists firmly divided into two camps.1 In most histories of Ancient Egypt Horemheb is credited with a reign of some 27 or 28 years, and sometimes even a figure of 30-35 years2 is given. Those who advocate such a long reign are clearly in the majority; among them are such highly respected authorities as Von Beckerath,3 Hornung,4 Kitchen,5 and Krauss.6 These schol ars readily admit that the highest indisputable date for Horemheb is his Year 13, but they believe that synchronisms with notably the Babylonian kinglists force us to assume that he reigned for a period of more than twice as long. A graffito from Medinet Habu mentioning a Year 27 in connection with Horemheb and the famous, or should I say infamous, passage in the inscription of Mose (Mes) which refers to a document allegedly dated to Year 58 or 59 of Horemheb are two of the most important pieces of circumstantial evidence adduced to support the 27/28 years option. 1 An earlier version of this article was presented as a paper at the Tenth International Congress of Egyptologists, Rhodes, 22-29 May 2008. Other than adding footnotes I have left the text as read there virtually unchanged. 2 Cf. the table on the foldout at the end of E. Hornung, Untersuchungen zur Chronologie und Geschichte des Neuen Reiches. ?A 11 (Wiesbaden, 1964), where the dates assigned to Horemheb by various authors provide interesting comparisons; advocates of a 30-year reign include Borchardt (1935), Wilson (1951) and Von Beckerath (1961); Hayes, Scepter of Egypt II (New York, 1959), XV, gave Horemheb 35 years, but in 1962 (in the CAH) he lowered this to 28 years. Cf. also D. B. Redford, On the Chro nology of the Eighteenth Dynasty, j7V?S 25 (1966), 124 (29/30 years). 3 J. von Beckerath, Tanis und Theben. Historische Grundlagen der Ramessidenzeit in ?gypten. ?F 16 (Gl?ckstadt, 1951), 103-4; idem, Nochmals die Regierungsdauer des Haremhab, SAK 6 (1978), 43-49; idem, Problem der Regierungsdauer Haremhabs, SAK 22 (1995), 37-41; idem, Chronologie des pharaonischen ?gypten. Die Zeitbestimmung der ?gyptischen Geschichte von der Vorzeit bis 332 v. Chr. MAS 46 (Mainz, 1997), 116-17. 4 E. Hornung, Untersuchungen, 39-40; idem, Neue Materialien zur ?gyptischen Chronologie, ZDMG 117 (1967), 11-16; idem, Das Grab des Haremhab im Tal der K?nige (Bern, 1971), 19-20; idem, in E. Hornung, R. Krauss, and D. Warburton, eds., Ancient Egyptian Chronology. HdO 1/83 (Leiden-Boston, 2006), 209. 5 . A. Kitchen, The Strengths and Weaknesses of Egyptian Chronology?A Reconsideration, ?L R. Krauss and D. Warburton, eds., Ancient Egyptian Chronology, 476-77.
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