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First Report of Botrytis mali Causing Gray Mold on Strawberry in the United States

2017; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 101; Issue: 6 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1094/pdis-01-17-0054-pdn

1943-7692

Madeline E. Dowling, Guido Schnabel,

Fungal Plant Pathogen Control

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 101, No. 6First Report of Botrytis mali Causing Gray Mold on Strawberry in the United States PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Botrytis mali Causing Gray Mold on Strawberry in the United StatesM. E. Dowling and G. SchnabelM. E. Dowling and G. SchnabelAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations M. E. Dowling G. Schnabel , Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634. Published Online:30 Mar 2017https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-17-0054-PDNAboutSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Gray mold of strawberry is a devastating disease most commonly caused by the pathogen Botrytis cinerea. As part of a fungicide resistance monitoring program in 2015, we obtained frost-damaged strawberry blossoms with black torus and leaves with brown edges from several states throughout the eastern U.S.A. None of the tissues were symptomatic for gray mold disease, but were suspected to contain latent infections of Botrytis. Tissues were surface sterilized for 1 min in 10% sodium hypochlorite solution, washed in water, then placed in a moist chamber until sporulation was observed. One single-spore isolate of Botrytis from just outside Summerville, South Carolina, and two from Waldorf, Maryland, exhibited culture morphologies on potato dextrose agar (PDA) different from B. cinerea. More pronounced aerial mycelium was evident than for B. cinerea isolates, with only patchy sporulation scattered throughout the plate. Conidia were hyaline and ovoid to roundly ellipsoid, and measured 6.98 to 11.63 × 6.05 to 8.14 μm (average 9.8 × 7.1 μm), similar to B. cinerea, but smaller than the typical B. mali spores observed on apple. Only one isolate produced sclerotia, but all isolates produced conidia. The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G3PDH) and beta tubulin genes were sequenced (O'Gorman et al. 2008) for all three isolates and BLAST of sequences revealed 100% similarity with B. mali sequences at the G3PDH (KY082824, KY082826) and beta tubulin (KY082823, KY082825) regions. Koch's postulates were performed with all three isolates by stab-inoculating strawberry fruit with a 22G needle to a depth of 1 cm and applying 30 μl of a 1 × 106 conidia/ml suspension to the wound. Control fruit were stabbed and received 30 μl water. Typical Botrytis symptoms developed and the pathogen was recovered from inoculated fruit after 5 days and identified as B. mali. No fungal growth occurred on control fruit. B. mali has previously been described on various hosts ranging from apple to dandelion, but never to our knowledge on strawberry (O'Gorman et al. 2008; Shaw et al. 2016). Though only three isolates of B. mali were observed in two fields, the species was observed in both the northeastern and southeastern U.S.A., indicating that it is geographically widespread. Isolates were also found to have reduced sensitivity to polyoxin D, indicating that this species may have fungicide sensitivity spectra different from B. cinerea. Identification of sympatric species with differences in fungicide resistance profiles, tissue preferences, and epidemiological characteristics is important for the design of integrated pest management options.References:O'Gorman, D. T., et al. 2008. Mycologia 100:227. https://doi.org/10.3852/mycologia.100.2.227 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarShaw, M. W., et al. 2016. Front. Plant Sci. 7:625. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00625 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarDetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 101, No. 6 June 2017SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Article History Issue Date: 17 May 2017Published: 30 Mar 2017First Look: 14 Feb 2017Accepted: 8 Feb 2017 Page: 1034 Information© 2017 The American Phytopathological SocietyCited byIdentification and Prevalence of Seedborne Botrytis spp. in Dry Pea, Lentil, and Chickpea in MontanaSwarnalatha Moparthi, Lipi P. Parikh, Erin E. Gunnink Troth, and Mary E. Burrows16 February 2023 | Plant Disease, Vol. 107, No. 2Under Pressure: A Comparative Study of Botrytis cinerea Populations from Conventional and Organic Farms in Cyprus and GreeceGeorgios Makris, Nikolaos Nikoloudakis, Anastasios Samaras, Georgios S. Karaoglanidis, and Loukas I. 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