Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

First Report of Pythium aphanidermatum Crown and Root Rot of Industrial Hemp in the United States

2017; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 101; Issue: 6 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1094/pdis-09-16-1249-pdn

1943-7692

Janna L. Beckerman, H. Nisonson, N. Albright, Tom Creswell,

Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 101, No. 6First Report of Pythium aphanidermatum Crown and Root Rot of Industrial Hemp in the United States PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Pythium aphanidermatum Crown and Root Rot of Industrial Hemp in the United StatesJ. Beckerman, H. Nisonson, N. Albright, and T. CreswellJ. Beckerman, H. Nisonson, N. Albright, and T. CreswellAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations J. Beckerman H. Nisonson N. Albright , Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 T. Creswell , Purdue Plant and Pest Diagnostic Laboratory. Published Online:20 Mar 2017https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-16-1249-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat During June and July 2015, crown and root rot symptoms were observed on industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa cvs. Alyssa and Canda) in research plots in Lafayette, IN. Record setting rainfall in Indiana during June (218.4 mm) and July (162.6 mm) may have factored into this outbreak. Soil type is Crosby-Miami complex alfisol. Symptom development appeared 13 days after sowing with temperatures ranging from 25 to 30°C. Leaves of affected plants were chlorotic, and plants were stunted and often wilted. Brown lesions on roots and loss of feeder roots were observed when symptomatic plants were removed from soil; symptomatic plants often but not always possessed brown, water-soaked stem lesions. A small percentage of affected plants collapsed, but most persisted in stunted growth. Thin, aerial mycelia were visible on the stem surface of some of the infected plants. Tissue fragments were excised from the margins of the affected stem and root lesions, surface sterilized, and plated on 0.25% potato dextrose agar (PDA) and on a medium selective for oomycetes containing pimaricin, ampicillin, rifampicin, and pentachloronitrobenzene (PARP). Plates were incubated at 22°C in the dark. Thirty-eight isolates were tentatively identified as Pythium spp. and were grown on V8 medium (V8 juice 300 g; agar 15 g; CaCO3 1.5 g; distilled water 1 liter) for morphological observation. DNA was extracted with the G-Biosciences OmniPrep for fungi. PCR was performed using the primers ITS1/ITS4 to amplify the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA. Six isolates were identified as Pythium aphanidermatum by BLAST analysis (Altschul et al. 1997) and were morphologically consistent with P. aphanidermatum (Watanabe, 2002). One characteristic isolate with a 738-bp segment showed a 99% homology with the sequence of P. aphanidermatum (GenBank accession JN695786) and has been assigned as GenBank accession KX772239. Pathogenicity tests were performed with this isolate using 20 seeds of 'Canda' sown in three 1-liter trays filled with a steam-disinfested soilless medium (Sungro Professional Growing Mix). Plants were fertilized 1 day before inoculation with 0.9 g ammoniacal nitrogen. Plant were inoculated 21 days after sowing (postemergent) with sterilized hemp kernels or 0.25% PDA colonized with the one isolate of P. aphanidermatum. Infested and control inoculum was placed in rows 5 mm from plants. One-liter trays were placed in two-liter trays and watered to flooding to simulate waterlogged conditions. Greenhouse temperature was 25°C; 12 h day night light cycle supplementing and external light. This experiment was replicated three times for both control and challenged treatments. Symptoms developed 18 days after inoculation. After 31 days, all inoculated plants displayed symptoms of chlorosis, crown rot, wilt, dieback, and eventually death. Control plants remained healthy throughout the experiment despite waterlogged conditions. This experiment was repeated 3 days later, with symptoms first developing 14 dpi. P. aphanidermatum was consistently observed based upon morphological observation and/or reisolation from the lesions. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Pythium root and crown rot of C. sativa caused by P. aphanidermatum in the U.S. Although current production of industrial hemp is only 6,900 acres, the importance of the disease could increase with increasing hemp production when it is legalized, particularly in low lying or flood prone areas where hemp is intensively grown (McPartland 1996).References:Altschul, S. F., et al. 1997. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:3389. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.17.3389 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarMcPartland, J. M. 1996. J. Int. Hemp Assoc. 3:19. Google ScholarWatanabe, T. 2002. Pictorial Atlas of Soil and Seed Fungi. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420040821 Crossref, Google ScholarDetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 101, No. 6 June 2017SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Article History Issue Date: 17 May 2017Published: 20 Mar 2017First Look: 14 Feb 2017Accepted: 15 Jan 2017 Page: 1038 InformationThis article is in the public domain and not copyrightable. It may be freely reprinted with customary crediting of the source. The American Phytopathological Society, 2017.Cited byAn Overview of Pathogens Associated with Biotic Stresses in Hemp Crops in Oregon, 2019 to 2020H. M. Rivedal, C. N. Funke, and K. E. Frost4 April 2022 | Plant Disease, Vol. 106, No. 5Evaluation of Industrial Hemp Seed Treatments for Management of Damping-Off for Enhanced Stand Establishment23 April 2022 | Agriculture, Vol. 12, No. 5Pathogenicity of seedborne Alternaria and Stemphylium species and stem-infecting Neofusicoccum and Lasiodiplodia species to cannabis ( Cannabis sativa L., marijuana) plants25 November 2021 | Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, Vol. 44, No. 2First Report of Pythium aphanidermatum Causing Crown and Root Rot on Industrial Hemp in ChinaJia Chen, Zhimin Li, Yi Cheng, Chunsheng Gao, Litao Guo, Tuhong Wang, and Jianping Xu9 February 2022 | Plant Disease, Vol. 106, No. 3Pythium aphanidermatum (damping-off)CABI Compendium, Vol. CABI CompendiumSeveral Pythium species cause crown and root rot on cannabis ( Cannabis sativa L., marijuana) plants grown under commercial greenhouse conditions22 September 2021 | Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, Vol. 44, No. 1Pathogenicity and Mefenoxam Sensitivity of Pythium, Globisporangium, and Fusarium Isolates From Coconut Coir and Rockwool in Marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) Production6 August 2021 | Frontiers in Agronomy, Vol. 3First Report of Crown and Root Rot Caused by Pythium aphanidermatum on Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa) in ArizonaJiahuai Hu and Robert Masson18 August 2021 | Plant Disease, Vol. 105, No. 8Molecular Diagnostics and Detection of Oomycetes on Fiber Crops19 June 2020 | Plants, Vol. 9, No. 6Molecular Diagnostics and Pathogenesis of Fungal Pathogens on Bast Fiber Crops18 March 2020 | Pathogens, Vol. 9, No. 3Surveying for Potential Diseases and Abiotic Disorders of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa) ProductionLindsey D. Thiessen, Tyler Schappe, Sarah Cochran, Kristin Hicks, and Angela R. Post14 October 2020 | Plant Health Progress, Vol. 21, No. 4Full Issue PDF25 January 2022 | Plant Health Progress, Vol. 21, No. 4Characterization and pathogenicity of Fusarium solani causing foot rot on hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) in Southern Italy4 September 2019 | Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, Vol. 126, No. 6Cannabis as conundrumCrop Protection, Vol. 117Fusarium and Pythium species infecting roots of hydroponically grown marijuana ( Cannabis sativa L.) plants16 November 2018 | Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, Vol. 40, No. 4Root and crown rot pathogens causing wilt symptoms on field-grown marijuana ( Cannabis sativa L.) plants16 November 2018 | Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, Vol. 40, No. 4