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Prevalence and characteristics of patients with resistant hypertension and chronic kidney disease

2016; Elsevier BV; Volume: 36; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Espanhol

10.1016/j.nefroe.2016.04.014

2013-2514

Úrsula Verdalles, Marián Goicoechea, Soledad García de Vinuesa, Borja Quiroga, Isabel Galán, Eduardo Verde, Ana Pérez de José, José Luño,

Sodium Intake and Health

Resistant hypertension (RH) is a common problem in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). A decline in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and increased albuminuria are associated with RH; however, there are few published studies about the prevalence of this entity in patients with CKD. To estimate the prevalence of RH in patients with different degrees of kidney disease and analyse the characteristics of this group of patients. A total of 618 patients with hypertension and CKD stages I–IV were enrolled, of which 82 (13.3%) met the criteria for RH. RH prevalence increased significantly with age, the degree of CKD and albuminuria. The prevalence of RH was 3.2% in patients under 50 years, 13.8% between 50 and 79 years and peaked at 17.8% in patients older than 80 years. Renal function prevalence was 4%, 15.8% and 18.1% in patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of >60, 30–59 and <30 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively, and 8.9%, 15.9% and 22.5% for a urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) 300 mg/g respectively. In a logistic regression model, the characteristics associated with resistant hypertension were age, history of cardiovascular disease, GFR, albuminuria and diabetes mellitus. A total of 47.5% of patients with resistant hypertension had controlled BP ( 60, de 30-59 y de <30 ml/min/1,73 m2, respectivamente y de 8,9, 15,9 y 22,5% para índice albúmina/creatinina urinario (UACR) < 30, 30-299 y > 300 mg/g, respectivamente. En un modelo de regresión logística las características que se asociaron con la HTA resistente fueron la edad, el antecedente de enfermedad cardiovascular, el FGe, la albuminuria y la diabetes mellitus. El 47,5% de los pacientes con HTA resistente tenían la PA controlada (<140/90 mmHg) con 4 o más fármacos antihipertensivos. Estos pacientes eran más jóvenes, con mejor función renal, menos albuminuria y recibían con más frecuencia antagonistas de la aldosterona. La prevalencia de HTA resistente aumenta con la edad, el grado de ERC y la albuminuria. Estrategias como el tratamiento con antagonistas de receptores de aldosterona se asocian con un mejor control tensional en este grupo de pacientes y disminuyen su prevalencia.