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Redox Systems, Antioxidants and Sarcopenia

2018; Bentham Science Publishers; Volume: 19; Issue: 7 Linguagem: Inglês

10.2174/1389203718666170317120040

1875-5550

Bertrand Fougère, Sandrine Sourdet, Matthieu Lilamand, Maturin Tabue-Teguod, Bernard Teysseyre, Charlotte Dupuy, Bruno Vellas, Yves Rolland, Fati Nourhashémi, Gabor Abellán van Kan, Jagadish K. Chhetri, Philipe de Souto Barreto, Matteo Cesari, Sabine Goisser, Gaëlle Soriano, Sophie Guyonnet, Sandrine Andrieu, Isabelle Carrié, Lauréane Brigitte, Catherine Faisant, Françoise Lala, Julien Delrieu, Hélène Villars, Emeline Combrouze, Carole Badufle, Audrey Zueras, Christelle Cantet, Christophe Morin, Céline Caillaud, Pierre‐Jean Ousset, Sherry L. Willis, Sylvie Belleville, Brigitte Gilbert, Francine Fontaine, Jean‐François Dartigues, Isabelle Marcet, Fleur Delva, Alexandra Foubert, Sandrine Cerda Marie-Noëlle-Cuffi, Corinne Costes, Olivier Rouaud, Patrick Manckoundia, Valérie Quipourt, Sophie Marilier, Evelyne Franon, Lawrence Bories, Marie-Laure Pader, Marie-France Basset, Bruno Lapoujade, Valérie Faure, Michael Li Yung Tong, Christine Malick-Loiseau, Evelyne Cazaban-Campistron, Françoise Desclaux, Colette Blatge, Thierry Dantoine, Cécile Laubarie-Mouret, Isabelle Saulnier, Jean‐Pierre Clément, Marie-Agnès Picat, Laurence Bernard‐Bourzeix, Stéphanie Willebois, Iléana Desormais, Noëlle Cardinaud, Marc Bonnefoy, Pierre Livet, Pascale Rebaudet, Claire Gédéon, Catherine Burdet, Flavien Terracol, Alain Pesce, Stéphanie Roth, Sylvie Chaillou, Sandrine Louchart, Kristel Sudres, Nicolas Lebrun, Nadège Barro-Belaygues, Jacques Touchon, Karim Bennys, Audrey Gabelle, Aurélia Romano, Lynda Touati, Cécilia Marelli, Cécile Pays, Philippe Robert, Franck Le Duff, Claire Gervais, S. Gonfrier, Yannick Gasnier, Serge Bordes, Danièle Begorre, Christian Carpuat, Khaled Khales, Jean‐François Lefebvre, Samira Misbah El Idrissi, Pierre Skolil, Jean‐Pierre Salles, Carole Dufouil, Stéphane Lehéricy, Marie Chupin, Jean‐François Mangin, Ali Bouhayia, Michèle Allard, F. Ricolfi, Dominique Dubois, Marie Martel, François Cotton, Alain Bonafé, S. Chanalet, Françoise Hugon, Fabrice Bonneville, Christophe Cognard, François Chollet, Pierre Payoux, Thierry Voisin, Sophie Peiffer, Anne Hitzel, Michel Zanca, Jacques Monteil, Jacques Darcourt, Laurent Molinier, Hélène Derumeaux, Nadège Costa, Christian Vincent, Bertrand Perret, Claire Vinel, Pascale Olivier,

Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress

According to the free-radical theory of aging, oxidative stress is a key contributor to the onset of age-related conditions by inducing structural and functional alterations in several cellular components. Although innate defenses exist for limiting the occurrence of such detrimental effects, their ability to counteract the continuous and large production of reactive oxygen species becomes increasingly inefficient with aging. In this context, interventions aimed at preserving the homeostatic balance between oxidant production and antioxidant protection may be beneficial on the pathophysiological modifications and clinical manifestations featuring the aging process. Sarcopenia is a clinical condition defined as the progressive age-related loss of muscle mass and function. In particular, a reduction of motor units and wasting of muscle fibers occurs during the aging process and negatively affects muscle quality. The biological mechanisms responsible for sarcopenia are complex, multifactorial and closely related to those characterizing the aging process. Among these, a pronounced unbalance between pro-oxidant and antioxidant species may play a major role. This review paper presents and discusses the possible role of the oxidant/antioxidant systems in the determination and development of the sarcopenic phenotype. Special attention will be devoted to the contribution of antioxidant agents in the maintenance of the homeostatic equilibrium for the organismal protection against the onset of age-related conditions. However, despite their popularity as beneficial compounds, there is no clear evidence in the literature about the protective effect of antioxidant supplements usage. Therefore, further research is needed to address and clarify such ambiguity. Keywords: Aging, antioxidants, elderly, oxidative stress, sarcopenia, skeletal muscle.