The 2016 Kaikōura, New Zealand, Earthquake: Preliminary Seismological Report
2017; Seismological Society of America; Volume: 88; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1785/0220170018
ISSN1938-2057
AutoresAnna Kaiser, N. Balfour, Bill Fry, Caroline Holden, Nicola Litchfield, Matt Gerstenberger, E. D’Anastasio, Nick Horspool, G. H. McVerry, John Ristau, Stephen Bannister, Annemarie Christophersen, Kate Clark, William Power, David A. Rhoades, Chris Massey, Ian Hamling, Laura Wallace, Joshu J. Mountjoy, Yoshihiro Kaneko, Rafael Benites, Chris Van Houtte, G. D. Dellow, Liam Wotherspoon, Kenneth J. Elwood, K. R. Gledhill,
Tópico(s)Seismic Waves and Analysis
ResumoResearch Article| April 05, 2017 The 2016 Kaikōura, New Zealand, Earthquake: Preliminary Seismological Report A. Kaiser; A. Kaiser aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar N. Balfour; N. Balfour aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar B. Fry; B. Fry aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar C. Holden; C. Holden aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar N. Litchfield; N. Litchfield aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar M. Gerstenberger; M. Gerstenberger aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar E. D’Anastasio; E. D’Anastasio aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar N. Horspool; N. Horspool aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar G. McVerry; G. McVerry aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar J. Ristau; J. Ristau aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar S. Bannister; S. Bannister aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar A. Christophersen; A. Christophersen aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar K. Clark; K. Clark aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar W. Power; W. Power aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar D. Rhoades; D. Rhoades aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar C. Massey; C. Massey aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar I. Hamling; I. Hamling aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar L. Wallace; L. Wallace aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar J. Mountjoy; J. Mountjoy bNational Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd. (NIWA), Private Bag 14901, Wellington 6241, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Y. Kaneko; Y. Kaneko aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar R. Benites; R. Benites aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar C. Van Houtte; C. Van Houtte aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar S. Dellow; S. Dellow aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar L. Wotherspoon; L. Wotherspoon cFaculty of Engineering, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar K. Elwood; K. Elwood cFaculty of Engineering, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar K. Gledhill K. Gledhill aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information A. Kaiser aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz N. Balfour aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz B. Fry aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz C. Holden aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz N. Litchfield aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz M. Gerstenberger aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz E. D’Anastasio aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz N. Horspool aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz G. McVerry aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz J. Ristau aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz S. Bannister aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz A. Christophersen aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz K. Clark aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz W. Power aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz D. Rhoades aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz C. Massey aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz I. Hamling aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz L. Wallace aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz J. Mountjoy bNational Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd. (NIWA), Private Bag 14901, Wellington 6241, New Zealand Y. Kaneko aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz R. Benites aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz C. Van Houtte aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz S. Dellow aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz L. Wotherspoon cFaculty of Engineering, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand K. Elwood cFaculty of Engineering, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand K. Gledhill aGNS Science, P.O. Box 30‐368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealanda.kaiser@gns.cri.nze.danastasio@gns.cri.nzs.bannister@gns.cri.nz Publisher: Seismological Society of America First Online: 13 Jul 2017 Online Issn: 1938-2057 Print Issn: 0895-0695 © Seismological Society of America Seismological Research Letters (2017) 88 (3): 727–739. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220170018 Article history First Online: 13 Jul 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation A. Kaiser, N. Balfour, B. Fry, C. Holden, N. Litchfield, M. Gerstenberger, E. D’Anastasio, N. Horspool, G. McVerry, J. Ristau, S. Bannister, A. Christophersen, K. Clark, W. Power, D. Rhoades, C. Massey, I. Hamling, L. Wallace, J. Mountjoy, Y. Kaneko, R. Benites, C. Van Houtte, S. Dellow, L. Wotherspoon, K. Elwood, K. Gledhill; The 2016 Kaikōura, New Zealand, Earthquake: Preliminary Seismological Report. Seismological Research Letters 2017;; 88 (3): 727–739. doi: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220170018 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietySeismological Research Letters Search Advanced Search ABSTRACT The 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake continued a notable decade of damaging earthquake impacts in New Zealand. The effects were wide ranging across the upper South Island, and included two fatalities, tsunami, tens of thousands of landslides, the collapse of one residential building, and damage to numerous structures and infrastructure. We present a preliminary overview focused on the seismological aspects of this earthquake and the corresponding seismological response effort. The earthquake rupture was extremely complex, involving at least 13 separate faults extending over ∼150 km, from the epicenter in north Canterbury to near the Cook Strait. We use backprojection and slip inversion methods to derive preliminary insights into the rupture evolution, identifying south‐to‐north rupture, including at least three distinct southwest‐to‐northeast propagating phases. The last phase is associated with a strong second pulse of energy release in the northern half of the rupture zone ∼70 s after rupture initiation, which we associate with the Kekerengu–Needles faults where some of the largest surface displacements (dextral) were observed. The mechanism of the mainshock was oblique thrust and relocated aftershocks show a range of thrust and strike‐slip mechanisms across three dominant spatial clusters. GeoNet datasets collected during the Kaikōura earthquake will be crucial in further unraveling details of the complex earthquake rupture and its implications for seismic hazard. Ground motions during the earthquake exceeded 1g at both ends of the rupture. Spectral accelerations exceeded 500‐year return period design level spectra in numerous towns in the upper South Island, as well as in parts of the capital city of Wellington at critical periods of 1–2 s, influenced by site/basin and directivity effects. Another important part of the response effort has been the provision of earthquake forecasts, as well as consideration of the implications of slow slip on the Hikurangi subduction interface triggered as a result of the Kaikōura earthquake. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
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