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Efficacy and safety of high-dose influenza vaccine in elderly adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2017; Elsevier BV; Volume: 35; Issue: 21 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.03.092

1873-2518

Krista M. Wilkinson, Yichun Wei, Andrea Szwajcer, Rasheda Rabbani, Ryan Zarychanski, Ahmed M Abou-Setta, Salaheddin M. Mahmud,

Respiratory viral infections research

Older adults are prioritized for influenza vaccination but also have lowered antibody responses to the vaccine. Higher-doses of influenza antigen may increase immune response and thus be more effective. Our objectives were to compare the efficacy and safety of the high-dose influenza vaccine to the standard-dose influenza vaccine in the elderly (age > 65). Data sources: Randomized trials (RCTs) from Medline (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), Cochrane Library (Wiley), ClinicalTrials.gov, reference lists of relevant articles, and gray literature. Study selection: Two reviewers independently identified RCTs comparing high-dose influenza vaccine (60 μg of hemagglutinin per strain) to standard-dose influenza vaccine (15 μg of hemagglutinin per strain) in adults over the age of 65 years. Data extraction: Two reviewers independently extracted trial-level data including population characteristics, interventions, outcomes, and funding sources. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. We included seven eligible trials; all were categorized as having a low (n = 3) or unclear (n = 4) risk of bias. Patients receiving the high-dose vaccine had significantly less risk of developing laboratory-confirmed influenza infections (Relative Risk 0.76, 95%CI 0.65 to 0.90; I2 0%, 2 trials, 41,141 patients). Post-vaccination geometric mean titres and seroprotection rates were also higher in high-dose vaccine recipients. There were no protocol-defined serious adverse events in the included trials in either group. In elderly adults, the high-dose influenza vaccine was well-tolerated, more immunogenic, and more efficacious in preventing influenza infections than the standard-dose vaccine. Further pragmatic trials are needed to determine if the higher efficacy translates into higher vaccine effectiveness in adults over the age of 65.