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Heart Rhythm Society/Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology Society Clinical Competency Statement: Training pathways for implantation of cardioverter-defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization therapy devices in pediatric and congenital heart patients

2008; Elsevier BV; Volume: 5; Issue: 6 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.hrthm.2008.04.012

1556-3871

J. Philip Saul, Andrew E. Epstein, Michael J. Silka, Charles I. Berul, Macdonald Dick, John Dimarco, Richard A. Friedman, Éric Rosenthal, Elizabeth A. Stephenson, Victoria L. Vetter,

Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are widely used for the management of patients with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. 1 A comparison of antiarrhythmic-drug therapy with implantable defibrillators in patients resuscitated from near-fatal ventricular arrhythmias The Antiarrhythmics versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1997; 337: 1576-1583 Crossref PubMed Scopus (3046) Google Scholar The indications for ICD therapy in adults have expanded, due in large part to the results of clinical trials for the primary prevention of sudden cardiac death. 2 Moss A.J. Hall W.J. Cannom D.S. Daubert J.P. Higgins S.L. Klein H. Levine J.H. Saksena S. Waldo A.L. Wilber D. Brown M.W. Heo M. Improved survival with an implanted defibrillator in patients with coronary disease at high risk for ventricular arrhythmia Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1996; 335: 1933-1940 Crossref PubMed Scopus (3613) Google Scholar , 3 Moss A.J. Zareba W. Hall W.J. Klein H. Wilber D.J. Cannom D.S. Daubert J.P. Higgins S.L. Brown M.W. Andrews M.L. Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2002; 346: 877-883 Crossref PubMed Scopus (5740) Google Scholar , 4 Buxton A.E. Lee K.L. Fisher J.D. Josephson M.E. Prystowsky E.N. Hafley G. A randomized study of the prevention of sudden death in patients with coronary artery disease Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1999; 341: 1882-1890 Crossref PubMed Scopus (2230) Google Scholar Although no prospective trials have been performed or published in the pediatric population, reductions in the technical barriers to implantation in smaller pediatric patients and most of those with congenital heart abnormalities 5 Stephenson E.A. Batra A.S. Knilans T.K. Gow R.M. Gradaus R. Balaji S. Dubin A.M. Rhee E.K. Ro P.S. Thogersen A.M. Cecchin F. Triedman J.K. Walsh E.P. Berul C.I. A multicenter experience with novel implantable cardioverter defibrillator configurations in the pediatric and congenital heart disease population. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2006; 17: 41-46 Crossref PubMed Scopus (158) Google Scholar , 6 Cannon B.C. Friedman R.A. Fenrich A.L. Fraser C.D. McKenzie E.D. Kertesz N.J. Innovative techniques for placement of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads in patients with limited venous access to the heart. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2006; 29: 181-187 Crossref PubMed Scopus (101) Google Scholar have also led to increased use in pediatrics. 7 Berul C.I. Triedman J.K. Forbess J. Bevilacqua L.M. Alexander M.E. Dahlby D. Gilkerson J.O. Walsh E.P. Minimally invasive cardioverter defibrillator implantation for children: an animal model and pediatric case report. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2001; 24: 1789-1794 Crossref PubMed Scopus (85) Google Scholar , 8 Dubin A.M. Van Hare G.F. Collins K.K. Bernstein D. Rosenthal D.N. Survey of current practices in use of amiodarone and implantable cardioverter defibrillators in pediatric patients with end-stage heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 2001; 88: 809-810 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (5) Google Scholar , 9 Dubin A.M. Berul C.I. Bevilacqua L.M. Collins K.K. Etheridge S.P. Fenrich A.L. Friedman R.A. Hamilton R.M. Schaffer M.S. Shah M. Silka M.J. Van Hare G.F. Kertesz N.J. The use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in pediatric patients awaiting heart transplantation. J Card Fail. 2003; 9: 375-379 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (76) Google Scholar , 10 Silka M.J. Kron J. Dunnigan A. Dick 2nd, M. Sudden cardiac death and the use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in pediatric patients The Pediatric Electrophysiology Society. Circulation. 1993; 87: 800-807 Crossref PubMed Google Scholar This task force is focused on these patients, who are either in the pediatric age range (0–18 years of age) with or without congenital heart disease, or adults with congenital heart disease. Hereafter this patient group will be referred to as “pediatric and congenital heart patients.”