Nonvitamin K-dependent oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in chronic kidney disease patients with atrial fibrillation
2017; Elsevier BV; Volume: 155; Linguagem: Inglês
10.1016/j.thromres.2017.04.027
ISSN1879-2472
AutoresLuca Di Lullo, Claudio Ronco, Mario Cozzolino, Domenico Russo, Luigi Russo, Biagio Di Iorio, Antonio De Pascalis, Vincenzo Bàrbera, Marco Galliani, E Vitaliano, Carlo Campana, Flavia Santoboni, Antonio Bellasi,
Tópico(s)Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosis and Management
ResumoAtrial fibrillation (AF) represents the most common arrhythmia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). As in the general population, in CKD patients AF is associated with an increased risk of thromboembolism and stroke. However, CKD patients, especially those on renal replacement therapy (RRT), also exhibit an increased risk of bleeding, especially from the gastrointestinal tract. Oral anticoagulation is the most effective form of thromboprophylaxis in patients with AF presenting increased risk of stroke. Limited evidence on efficacy, the increased risk of bleeding as well as some concern regarding the use of warfarin in CKD, has often resulted in the underuse of anticoagulation CKD patients. A large body of evidence suggests that non-vitamin K-dependent oral anticoagulant agents (NOACs) significantly reduce the risk of stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, and mortality, with lower to similar major bleeding rates compared with vitamin K antagonist such as warfarin in normal renal function subjects. Hence, they are currently recommended for patients with atrial fibrillation at risk for stroke. However, NOACs metabolism is largely dependent on the kidneys for elimination and little is known in patients with creatinine clearance < 25 ml/min who were excluded from all pivotal phase 3 NOACs trials. This review focuses on the current pharmacokinetic, observational, and prospective data on NOACs in patients with moderate to advanced chronic kidney disease (creatinine clearance 15–49 ml/min) and those on dialysis.
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