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Genome sequencing and population genomic analyses provide insights into the adaptive landscape of silver birch

2017; Nature Portfolio; Volume: 49; Issue: 6 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1038/ng.3862

1546-1718

Jarkko Salojärvi, Olli‐Pekka Smolander, Kaisa Nieminen, Sitaram Rajaraman, Omid Safronov, Pezhman Safdari, Airi Lamminmäki, Juha Immanen, Tianying Lan, Jaakko Tanskanen, Pasi Rastas, Ali Amiryousefi, Balamuralikrishna Jayaprakash, Juhana Kammonen, Risto Hagqvist, Gugan Eswaran, Viivi Ahonen, Juan Alonso‐Serra, Fred O. Asiegbu, Juan de Dios Barajas-López, Daniel Blande, Olga Blokhina, Tiina Blomster, Suvi Broholm, Mikael Brosché, Fuqiang Cui, Chris Dardick, Sanna Ehonen, Paula Elomaa, Sacha Escamez, Kurt Fagerstedt, Hiroaki Fujii, Adrien Gauthier, Peter J. Gollan, Pauliina Halimaa, Pekka Heino, Kristiina Himanen, Courtney A. Hollender, Saijaliisa Kangasjärvi, Leila Kauppinen, Colin T. Kelleher, Sari Kontunen‐Soppela, Jouko Koskinen, Andriy Kovalchuk, Sirpa Kärenlampi, Anna Kärkönen, Kean‐Jin Lim, Johanna Leppälä, Lee Macpherson, Juha Mikola, Katriina Mouhu, Ari Pekka Mähönen, Ülo Niinemets, Elina Oksanen, Kirk Overmyer, E. Tapio Palva, Leila Pazouki, Ville Pennanen, Tuula Puhakainen, Péter Poczai, Boy J.H.M. Possen, Matleena Punkkinen, Moona Rahikainen, Matti Rousi, Raili Ruonala, Christiaan van der Schoot, Alexey Shapiguzov, Maija Sierla, Timo P. Sipilä, Suvi Sutela, Teemu H. Teeri, Arja Tervahauta, Aleksia Vaattovaara, Jorma Vahala, Lidia Vetchinnikova, Annikki Welling, Michael Wrzaczek, Enjun Xu, Lars Paulín, Alan H. Schulman, Martin Lascoux, Victor A. Albert, Petri Auvinen, Ykä Helariutta, Jaakko Kangasjärvi,

Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies

Silver birch (Betula pendula) is a pioneer boreal tree that can be induced to flower within 1 year. Its rapid life cycle, small (440-Mb) genome, and advanced germplasm resources make birch an attractive model for forest biotechnology. We assembled and chromosomally anchored the nuclear genome of an inbred B. pendula individual. Gene duplicates from the paleohexaploid event were enriched for transcriptional regulation, whereas tandem duplicates were overrepresented by environmental responses. Population resequencing of 80 individuals showed effective population size crashes at major points of climatic upheaval. Selective sweeps were enriched among polyploid duplicates encoding key developmental and physiological triggering functions, suggesting that local adaptation has tuned the timing of and cross-talk between fundamental plant processes. Variation around the tightly-linked light response genes PHYC and FRS10 correlated with latitude and longitude and temperature, and with precipitation for PHYC. Similar associations characterized the growth-promoting cytokinin response regulator ARR1, and the wood development genes KAK and MED5A.