A sociologia rural no Brasil I
1978; Volume: 6; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Francês
ISSN
2526-9372
Autores Tópico(s)Rural and Ethnic Education
ResumoRESUMO A evolucao da sociologia rural e analisada aqui com suas condicoes favoraveis e desfavoraveis. Desde a descricao do processo evolutivo das 4 fases da sociologia, ate aos problemas relativos a agricultura, a colonizacao e o destino da grande lavoura. Na 1a fase podemos caracterizar alguns verdadeiros precursores da sociologia rural. A 2a fase no sec. XIX, tomou grande impulso como resultado da maturidade politica do pais. Os problemas surgidos deram margem ao aparecimento de linhas de reflexao, e uma delas era a substituicao do trabalho servil pelo livre. Esses temas foram tratados por pensadores, publicistas e panfletarios. Na 3a fase, surgiu o movimento positivista no Brasil. Esse movimento levantou na Europa a questao social atraves de Comte e, no Brasil, seus adeptos fizeram eco a essas ideias. Esse movimento encontrou concorrente em outra doutrina, o evolucionismo de Spencer. Porem foi com o movimento modernista que a sociologia tornou-se ciencia atraves das obras de nossos escritores e poetas que passaram a se voltar para o mais genuino em nossa vida social. Desde entao, a sociologia rural passou a encarar os problemas rurais de maneira cientifica. No momento, o processo de mudanca social que o Brasil atravessa favorece as ciencias sociais, especialmente a sociologia. Essa mudanca afetou sobretudo as cidades deixando o campo quase intocado, mas influiu na administracao e no sistema universitario. Com a criacao e atuacao de varios orgaos administrativos, como a Sudene, Sudam, Incra e outros, deu-se mais atencao ao meio rural e seu desenvolvimento. A medida que se toma consciencia da importância da organizacao social, o papel do sociologo torna-se mais decisivo nos projetos que dizem respeito a agricultura, a vida rural e seu desenvolvimento. ABSTRACT The rural sociology in Brazil I. v. 6, n. 1, p. 7-88, jan/jun. 1978. The evolution of the rural sociology is analysed here with its favorable and unfavorable conditions, since the description of the evolutive process of the four phases of sociology, until the problems related to agriculture, colonization and destiny of the great tillage. In the first phase we can characterize some true precursors of the rural sociology. The second phase in the XIX century, was developed as a result of the political maturity of the country. The problems that appeared gave place to the appearing of reflection lines, and one of these was the replacement of the subservient work by the free one. These themes were treated by thinkers, publicists and pamphleteers. In the third phase the positivist movement in Brazil appeared. This movement raised the social problem in Europe through Comte’s ideas and in Brazil its followers repeated those ideas. This movement met a competitive one in another doctrine, the Spencer´s evolutionism. But, it was with the modernist movement that sociology became a science through the works of our writers and poets who passed to observe the more authentic aspect of our social life. Since then, the rural sociology began to face scientifically rural problems. In our days, the process of social change that Brazil passes through, helps the social sciences specially sociology. This change affected above all the cities leaving the country place almost untouched, but it influenced in the administration and in the universitarian system. With the creation and actuation of several administrative organs, as Sudene, Sudam, Incra and others, more attention was given to the rural environment and its development. As consciousness is taken about the importance of social organization, sociologist´s role becomes more decisive in the projects related to agriculture, rural life and its development. RESUME La sociologie rurale au Bresil I. v. 6, n. 1, p. 7-88, jan./jun. 1978. L’evolution de la sociologie rurale est analysee ici avec ses conditions favorables et defavorables. Depuis la description du processus evolutif des quatre phases de la sociologie, jusqu’aux problemes relatifs a l’agriculture, a la colonisation, ainsi que l’avenir de la grande culture. Dans la premiere phase nous pouvons caracteriser quelques veritables precurseurs de la sociologie rurale. La deuxieme phase au XIX siecle, a pris un grand essor, resultat de la maturite politique du pays. Les problemes qui ont apparu donnent lieu a des reflexions dont un des resultats fut le remplacement du travail servil par le travail libre. Ces sujets furent traites par des penseurs et des panfletaires. Dans la troisieme phase est apparu le mouvement positiviste au Bresil. Ce mouvement a souleve en Europe, la question sociale a travers Comte, et au Bresil ses adeptes ont fait echo a ces idees. Ce mouvement a eu un concurrent dans un autre domaine, la doctrine de l’evolutionisme de Spencer. Cependant ce fut avec le mouvement moderniste que la sociologie est devenue une science comme temoignent les ouvrages de nos ecrivains et de nos poetes qui commencerent a se tourner vers ce qu’il y a de plus authentique dans notre vie sociale. C’est alors que la sociologie rurale se mit a envisager les problemes ruraux de maniere scientifique. Le processus de transformations sociales que le Bresil connait alors, favorise les sciences sociales, surtout la sociologie. Cette transformation atteint surtout les villes et laisse la campagne intacte, mais elle influencie l’administration et le systeme universitaire. Avec la creation et l’action de divers organismes administratifs comme la Sudene, Sudam, Incra, et d’autres, on donne plus d’attention au milieu rural et a son developpment. A mesure qui’on prend conscience de l’importance de l’organisation sociale, le role du sociologue devient plus decisif dans les projets qui concernent l’agriculture, la vie rurale et son developpement.
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