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YY1 Haploinsufficiency Causes an Intellectual Disability Syndrome Featuring Transcriptional and Chromatin Dysfunction

2017; Elsevier BV; Volume: 100; Issue: 6 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.05.006

1537-6605

Michele Gabriele, Anneke T. Vulto‐van Silfhout, Pierre‐Luc Germain, Alessandro Vitriolo, Raman Kumar, Evelyn Douglas, Eric Haan, Kenjiro Kosaki, Toshiki Takenouchi, Anita Rauch, Katharina Steindl, Eirik Frengen, Doriana Misceo, Christeen Ramane J. Pedurupillay, Petter Strømme, Jill A. Rosenfeld, Yunru Shao, William J. Craigen, Christian P. Schaaf, David Rodriguez‐Buritica, Laura S. Farach, Jennifer Friedman, Perla Thulin, Scott D. McLean, Kimberly Nugent, Jenny Morton, Jillian Nicholl, Joris Andrieux, Asbjørg Stray‐Pedersen, Pascal Chambon, Sophie Patrier, Sally Ann Lynch, Susanne Kjærgaard, Pernille Mathiesen Tørring, Charlotte Brasch‐Andersen, Anne Ronan, Arie van Haeringen, Peter J. Anderson, Zöe Powis, Han G. Brunner, Rolph Pfundt, Janneke Schuurs-Hoeijmakers, Bregje W.M. van Bon, Stefan H. Lelieveld, Christian Gilissen, Willy M. Nillesen, Lisenka E.L.M. Vissers, Jozef Gécz, David A. Koolen, Giuseppe Testa, Bert B.A. de Vries,

Genomics and Rare Diseases

Yin and yang 1 (YY1) is a well-known zinc-finger transcription factor with crucial roles in normal development and malignancy. YY1 acts both as a repressor and as an activator of gene expression. We have identified 23 individuals with de novo mutations or deletions of YY1 and phenotypic features that define a syndrome of cognitive impairment, behavioral alterations, intrauterine growth restriction, feeding problems, and various congenital malformations. Our combined clinical and molecular data define "YY1 syndrome" as a haploinsufficiency syndrome. Through immunoprecipitation of YY1-bound chromatin from affected individuals' cells with antibodies recognizing both ends of the protein, we show that YY1 deletions and missense mutations lead to a global loss of YY1 binding with a preferential retention at high-occupancy sites. Finally, we uncover a widespread loss of H3K27 acetylation in particular on the YY1-bound enhancers, underscoring a crucial role for YY1 in enhancer regulation. Collectively, these results define a clinical syndrome caused by haploinsufficiency of YY1 through dysregulation of key transcriptional regulators.