Scientific Opinion on Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food and feed
2011; Wiley; Volume: 9; Issue: 11 Linguagem: Inglês
10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2406
ISSN1831-4732
Tópico(s)Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
ResumoEFSA JournalVolume 9, Issue 11 2406 OpinionOpen Access Scientific Opinion on Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food and feed EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM), Search for more papers by this author EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM), Search for more papers by this author First published: 08 November 2011 https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2406Citations: 119 Panel members: Jan Alexander, Diane Benford, Alan Boobis, Sandra Ceccatelli, Bruce Cottrill, Jean-Pierre Cravedi, Alessandro Di Domenico, Daniel Doerge, Eugenia Dogliotti, Lutz Edler, Peter Farmer, Metka Filipič, Johanna Fink-Gremmels, Peter Fürst, Thierry Guérin, Helle Katrine Knutsen, Miroslav Machala, Antonio Mutti, Martin Rose, Josef Schlatter and Rolaf van Leeuwen Correspondence: contam@efsa.europa.eu Acknowledgement: The Panel wishes to thank the members of the Working Group on Alkaloids: Till Beuerle, Diane Benford, Leon Brimer, Bruce Cottrill, Daniel Doerge, Birgit Dusemund, Peter Farmer, Peter Fürst, Hans-Ulrich Humpf and Patrick Mulder for the preparatory work on this scientific opinion, and EFSA staff Gina Cioacata, Marco Binaglia and Stefan Fabiansson for the support provided to this scientific opinion. The CONTAM Panel acknowledges all European competent authorities and other stakeholders that provided Pyrrolizidine alkaloids occurrence data for food and feed and supported the consumption data collection for the Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database. Adoption date: 5 October 2011 Published date: 8 November 2011 Question number: EFSA-Q-2010-01004 On request from: European Commission AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abstract The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was asked by the European Commission to deliver a scientific opinion on pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) in food and feed. PAs are toxins exclusively biosynthesised by plants. To date, approximately 600 different PAs are known. Results for 13,280 bulk honey and 1324 retail honey samples were provided to EFSA by one Member State and 351 feed samples were provided by a second Member State. The EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) performed estimates of both acute and chronic exposure to PAs through honey for three different age groups. Although there might be other sources of PA exposure, due to lack of data the CONTAM Panel was not able to quantify dietary exposure from food other than honey. A number of PAs were identified as being of particular importance for food and feed. Based on the present knowledge of metabolism, activation, DNA adduct-formation, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity, the CONTAM Panel concluded that 1,2–unsaturated PAs may act as genotoxic carcinogens in humans. Therefore, the CONTAM Panel decided to apply the Margin of Exposure (MOE) approach. A benchmark dose lower confidence limit for a 10 % excess cancer risk (BMDL10) of 70 µg/kg b.w. per day for induction of liver haemangiosarcomas by lasiocarpine in male rats was calculated as the reference point for comparison with the estimated dietary exposure. The CONTAM Panel concluded that there is a possible health concern for those toddlers and children who are high consumers of honey. There is generally a low risk of PA poisoning in livestock and companion animals in the EU as most PA poisonings reported recently are due to accidental exposure. Citing Literature Volume9, Issue11November 20112406 ReferencesRelatedInformation
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