The Organization of Prisons in the Romanian Principalities (1831-1862)
2012; Volume: 4; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês
ISSN
2162-2752
Autores Tópico(s)Water Resources and Governance
ResumoABSTRACT.In early nineteenth century Western Europe, civil and criminal law had known significant progress, distributing justice more equitably, and sentencing compliance with human condition. A new generation of Romanian young people trained Western academic centers, inclusive law area, as well as some rulers with enlightened views militated for application of those practical principles Romanian society, too. Organic Regulations, which came into force 1831, Romanian Country and 1832, Moldavia, dealing with organization of various state institutions, provided some provisions also for prisons.Keywords: correction, imprisonment, forced labor, regulationUnder Public Assembly decision (the legislative forum, created by Organic Regulation of March 20, 1831, prisons were no longer administered by Great Provost Marshal, but by prisons Magistrate, who was placed hierarchy after police Magistrate (in 1859, old name was replaced with that of administrator of jails and prisons, from 1860 with that of General Director of Prisons, until 1862 when, at actual union of two Principalities, name of general inspector was adopted).In addition to task regarding the protection of a good organization of prisons and inspector was also charge with collection of taxes from princely Gypsies. He had his subordination an inspector of all prisons, as well as a number of inferior state officials, equivalent of later directors of prisons.Throughout Principalities there were six prisons: prison from capital, from Craiova, Giurgiu, Braila, Ocna-Telega and Ocnele-Mari. jails Braila, Giurgiu, Telega and Ocnele-Mari were called punishment In two prisons from mines, were imprisoned prisoners convicted at hard labor for life, but also for limited time; at Giurgiu and Braila, those condemned to reclusion by public work; prisons - those sentenced to correction. Apart from those main prisons, there were also 14 counties prisons.After Fulfilling orders of prisons Regulation1 from 1833, state budget had to provide necessary amounts for detainees' food and clothing, lighting and heating, hospital expenses and salary of six prison officials. money collected through charity boxes was used improving food and drink of condemned in meaningful (significant) holly days and SundaysFor counties jails, Magistrature (mayoralty and municipal councils) of every district capital where a prison was built, had to cover those costs from local funds.Each prison was administered by an inferior state official, and mines by an inspector.Convicts prisons from Braila, Giurgiu and Bucharest were used to different works: building roads, sewers, buildings, etc., and those from mines, to cutting salt. latter lived abandoned mines.The same Orders regulated also construction plans of new buildings for prisons. building from Telega - for example - had to have two partitions: one for those who, for less guilt, were condemned by law, to forced labour term and other, for those convicted for life or to death, but their penalty was switched into prison on term, if they were not killers with deliberation or with capital guilt - category of offenders who were imprisoned at depleted mine from Telega. jail from Ocnele-Mari was ordained only for those sentenced to hard labor for limited time.Every prison created also a lonely room (cell) to punish disobedient and rebellious prisoners, one building for hospital and one for administrative staff. Until founding, 1843, of first building for prison to forced labor, prisoners slept abandoned mines, where they had beds with bars, straw bedding. The stench (bad air) from those mines was cleaned with fire, and other dirt was removed, at least every two days, with tubs. …
Referência(s)