Consumo de Cannabis y el “Síndrome de Hiperemesis Canabinoidea”: descripción y análisis del estado actual
2016; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês
ISSN
2341-1759
Autores Tópico(s)Youth Substance Use and School Attendance
ResumoespanolLas tasas de consumo de cannabis a nivel mundial estan incrementando considerablemente. De forma paralela ha aparecido una nueva entidad nosologica, denominada “Sindrome de Hiperemesis Cannabinoidea” (SHC). Este se caracteriza principalmente por: uso cronico de cannabis, episodios ciclicos de nauseas y vomitos, y banos de agua caliente. Aunque su etiologia todavia es desconocida (existen diversas hipotesis), su evolucion clinica se estructura en tres fases: 1) prodromica, 2) hiperemetica y 3) recuperacion; claramente diferenciadas. Conviene recalcar que su diagnostico suele diferirse bastante en el tiempo, principalmente debido al desconocimiento de dicha entidad clinica por parte de los profesionales sanitarios, y tambien la dificultad de realizacion de un adecuado diagnostico diferencial (Sindrome de Vomitos Ciclicos y cualquier patologia que afecte al tracto gastrointestinal). El numero de casos descritos en la bibliografia cientifica a nivel internacional esta creciendo exponencialmente; y a pesar de ello, algunos autores consideran la posibilidad de que existan todavia mas casos de los diagnosticados hasta ahora (debido al desmedido aumento del consumo de cannabis en cualquier pais). El tratamiento es principalmente sintomatico (fluidoterapia, diversos antiemeticos, analgesicos); y/o psicofarmacologico (lorazepam o haloperidol). No obstante, la abstinencia total del consumo de cannabis es el unico tratamiento que ha demostrado ser realmente eficaz. Por todo ello, se requiere potenciar el conocimiento sobre dicho sindrome: a nivel epidemiologico, etiologico y terapeutico EnglishCannabis abuse rates are increasing remarkably worldwide. A new clinical condition known as “Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome” has simultaneously appeared. This syndrome is mainly characterized by chronic cannabis use, cyclic episodes of nausea and vomiting, and frequent hot bathing. Although its etiology remains unknown (there are many different unconfirmed hypotheses), its clinical course has been divided into three clearly-distinguished phases: 1) prodromal, 2) hyperemetic, and 3) recovery. It is important to emphasize that diagnosis is usually delayed, due to this being an unknown syndrome and the difficulty of making a correct differential diagnosis (Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome and any pathology affecting the gastrointestinal tract). An increasing number of cases are described in the international literature, and this is getting exponentially higher. In spite of this, some authors believe that there would be many more cases than described (due to the great increase in use of cannabis worldwide). Treatment is mainly symptomatic: fluidotherapy, antiemetics, analgesics; and/or psychopharmacological: lorazepam or haloperidol. The only one effective treatment is nevertheless a total absence of cannabis abuse. Further investigation is thus required in order to improve knowledge of epidemiology, etiology and treatment.
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