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Phylogeny, taxonomy and biogeography of Neotropical Quiinoideae (Ochnaceae s.l.)

2017; Wiley; Volume: 66; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.12705/664.4

1996-8175

Julio V. Schneider, Georg Zizka,

Plant and animal studies

Abstract Amazonia arguably harbours the highest plant species diversity of all wet tropical regions on earth. There is increasing evidence that this enormous diversity is the product of a rather long and complex process and not of a single cause. Here, we investigated divergence times and diversification dynamics in the Neotropical Quiinoideae (Malpighiales: Ochnaceae s.l.) to explore different evolutionary hypotheses for the accumulation of high species diversity. Additionally, we reappraised the phylogenetic relationships and species circumscriptions using sequences of six plastid and nuclear DNA regions and the most comprehensive taxon sampling of the subfamily to date. Molecular dating indicated that Quiinoideae originated during the late Cretaceous, whereas crown group taxa started to diverge at the Eocene‐Oligocene boundary. The lack of rate shifts in this subfamily supports the “museum” model of diversification. The rather constant species accumulation also suggests that the Pleistocene glacial cycles did not play an important role for the diversification of Quiinoideae. While ancestral area reconstruction was inconclusive, the post‐Miocene divergence times of the west Amazonian species provided some evidence that these areas might not have been available for colonization until the demise of the Lake Pebas and Acre wetlands. New infrageneric groups were inferred, and some species were found to be non‐monophyletic, requiring taxonomic reassessment and demonstrating the need for including multiple individuals per species in species‐level phylogenies.