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Occurrence of Cylindrocladium pauciramosum Causing Leaf Spot on Strelitzia reginae in Southern Brazil
2017; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 101; Issue: 11 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1094/pdis-05-17-0682-pdn
ISSN1943-7692
AutoresP. R. Meneses, Cristiano Bellé, Victoria Moreira, Viviana Gaviria-Hernández, Renata Moccellin, Danielle Ribeiro de Barros, C. R. J. de Farias,
Tópico(s)Plant Pathogens and Resistance
ResumoHomePlant DiseaseVol. 101, No. 11Occurrence of Cylindrocladium pauciramosum Causing Leaf Spot on Strelitzia reginae in Southern Brazil PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseOccurrence of Cylindrocladium pauciramosum Causing Leaf Spot on Strelitzia reginae in Southern BrazilP. R. Meneses, C. Belle, V. L. Moreira-Nuñez, V. Gaviria-Hernández, R. Moccellin, D. R. de Barros, and C. R. J. de FariasP. R. MenesesSearch for more papers by this author, C. Belle†Corresponding author. E-mail: E-mail Address: crbelle@gmail.comhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-2247-3207Search for more papers by this author, V. L. Moreira-NuñezSearch for more papers by this author, V. Gaviria-HernándezSearch for more papers by this author, R. MoccellinSearch for more papers by this author, D. R. de BarrosSearch for more papers by this author, and C. R. J. de FariasSearch for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations P. R. Meneses C. Belle † V. L. Moreira-Nuñez V. Gaviria-Hernández R. Moccellin D. R. de Barros C. R. J. de Farias , Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Fitossanidade, 96010900, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil. Published Online:28 Aug 2017https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-17-0682-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Bird of paradise, also known as crane flower (Strelitzia reginae), is a monocotyledonous flowering native plant of South Africa. It is commonly grown and commercialized as an ornamental (Luz et al. 2005). In September 2016, plants with severe spots on leaves were found in a commercial field (31°48′S; 52°24′W) in Pelotas, RS, Brazil. The spots 0.1 to 2 cm in diameter on the leaves were circular to irregular with a light gray center and a dark gray to black border. Some leaf spots coalesced and, in severe cases, covered 50% of the leaf surface. Leaf lesion samples were surface sterilized (1% NaOCl solution for 1 min) and placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA). To identify the fungus responsible, a morphological analysis was carried out, and a molecular characterization was performed by amplifying and sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), β-tubulin (TUB2), calmodulin (CAL), translation elongation factor (TEF-1α), and histone H3 (HIS3) gene regions, using the primers ITS4 and ITS5 for ITS, T1 and CYLTUB1R for TUB2, CAL-228F and CAL-737R for CAL, EF1-728F and EF-2 for TEF-1α, and CYLH3F and CYLH3R for HIS3. The specimen was deposited in the Federal University of Pelotas Herbarium (LPS0103). These colonies presented an aerial mycelium with a color varying from light to dark gray, and its edge varied from white to light gray. Macroconidiophores were composed of a stipe, a sterile elongation, and a penicillated arrangement of primary, secondary, and tertiary branches. The stipes were septate, 135.50 (109 to 178) μm long, with a terminal obpyriform vesicle 10.87 (6.15 to 13.75) μm wide. Phialides (12.5 × 3.6 μm) were hyaline, doliiform to reniform, with conidia 41.5 (28.8 to 48.3) × 4.33 (2.5 to 4.7) µm with a L/W ratio of 11.83 ± 0.53, cylindrical with rounded ends, with one to three septa (mostly one septum). Sequences of the studied DNA regions were submitted to GenBank (ITS: KY484076; TUB2: KY921583; CAL: KY921582; TEF-1α: KY921584; and HIS3: KY921585). BLAST searches showed 99 to 100% identity with existing sequences (including ex-type CMW 5683) of Calonectria pauciramosa (anamorph: Cylindrocladium pauciramosum) (ITS: JX556236, JX556235, and JX556234; TUB2: FJ918514, FJ918516, FJ972397, and FJ918517; CAL: GQ267404 and GQ267405; TEF-1α: FJ918565, FJ918569, FJ918570, and FJ918566; HIS3: FJ918531, FJ972428, FJ918532, and HQ285798). According to morphological and molecular characteristic combinations, the isolate was confirmed as C. pauciramosum (Crous, 2002; Lombard et al. 2010; Schoch et al. 1999). Moreover, pathogenicity tests were performed by adding sterile water on PDA cultures of C. pauciramosum, and the conidial suspension (2 ml with 105 conidia per ml) was sprayed on the leaf surface of a 6-month-old S. reginae plants (six replicates). The same number of noninoculated plants were used as controls. The experiment was performed two times. Following inoculation, plants were maintained in plastic bags inside a growth chamber at 25 ± 1°C. Within 10 to 15 days after inoculation, all plants developed circular, brown spots on leaves, identical to those observed in the commercial field. The noninoculated plants remained symptomless. C. pauciramosum isolate was successfully reisolated from inoculated leaves, and confirmed by gene sequence analysis. Several hosts including Eucalyptus, Agonis, Feijoa, Azalea, Pinus, Fragaria, and Prunus have been associated with C. pauciramosum. This is the first report on the infection of C. pauciramosum on S. reginae around the world. This finding has great importance to Brazilian flower growers, since effective management measures are needed for disease control once the fungus is well-established in determined geographic area.References:Crous, W. 2002. Taxonomy and Pathology of Cylindrocladium (Calonectria) and Allied Genera. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. Google ScholarLombard, L., et al. 2010. Stud. Mycol. 66:31. Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarLuz, P. B., et al. 2005. Inf. Agropecuario 26:62. Google ScholarSchoch, C. L., et al. 1999. Mycologia 91:286. Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarP. R. Meneses and C. Belle contributed equally to this work.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 101, No. 11 November 2017SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Article History Issue Date: 16 Oct 2017Published: 28 Aug 2017First Look: 29 Jun 2017Accepted: 28 Jun 2017 Pages: 1955-1955 Information© 2017 The American Phytopathological Society
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