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Halogen-Free Multicomponent Flame Retardant Thermoplastic Styrene–Ethylene–Butylene–Styrene Elastomers Based on Ammonium Polyphosphate–Expandable Graphite Synergy

2017; American Chemical Society; Volume: 56; Issue: 29 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1021/acs.iecr.7b01177

1520-5045

Antje Wilke, Kirsten Langfeld, Bernhard Ulmer, Vlad Andrievici, Andreas Hörold, Patrick A. Limbach, Martin Bastian, Bernhard Schartel,

Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties

Developing flame retarded thermoplastic elastomers (TPE-S) based on styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene, polypropylene, and mineral oil is a challenging task because of their very high fire loads and flammability. A promising approach is the synergistic combination of expandable graphite (EG) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP). Cone calorimetry, oxygen index, and UL 94 classification were applied. The optimal EG:APP ratio is 3:1, due to the most effective fire residue morphology. Exchanging APP with melamine-coated APPm yielded crucial improvement in fire properties, whereas replacing EG/APP with melamine polyphosphate did not. Adjuvants, such as aluminum diethyl phosphinate (AlPi), zinc borate, melamine cyanurate, titanium dioxide, dipentaerylthritol, diphenyl-2-ethyl phosphate, boehmite, SiO2, chalk, and talcum, were tested. All flame retardants reinforced the TPE-S. The combination with AlPi is proposed, because with 30 wt % flame retardants a maximum averaged rate of heat emission below 200 kW m–2 and a V-0 rating was achieved. Multicomponent EG/APP/adjuvants systems are proposed as a suitable route to achieve efficient halogen-free flame retarded TPE-S.