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Infrared Spectrometer for ExoMars: A Mast-Mounted Instrument for the Rover

2017; Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.; Volume: 17; Issue: 6-7 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1089/ast.2016.1543

1531-1074

Oleg Korablev, Yurii Dobrolensky, Н. А. Евдокимова, Anna Fedorova, R. O. Kuzmin, Sergei N. Mantsevich, E. A. Cloutis, John Carter, F. Poulet, J. Flahaut, A. D. Griffiths, M. Gunn, Nicole Schmitz, Javier Martín‐Torres, María‐Paz Zorzano, Д. С. Родионов, Jorge L. Vago, A. V. Stepanov, A. Yu. Titov, Nikita A. Vyazovetsky, Аlexander Trokhimovskiy, A. G. Sapgir, Yurii K. Kalinnikov, Yuriy Ivanov, Alexei A. Shapkin, A. Yu. Ivanov,

Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life

ISEM (Infrared Spectrometer for ExoMars) is a pencil-beam infrared spectrometer that will measure reflected solar radiation in the near infrared range for context assessment of the surface mineralogy in the vicinity of the ExoMars rover. The instrument will be accommodated on the mast of the rover and will be operated together with the panoramic camera (PanCam), high-resolution camera (HRC). ISEM will study the mineralogical and petrographic composition of the martian surface in the vicinity of the rover, and in combination with the other remote sensing instruments, it will aid in the selection of potential targets for close-up investigations and drilling sites. Of particular scientific interest are water-bearing minerals, such as phyllosilicates, sulfates, carbonates, and minerals indicative of astrobiological potential, such as borates, nitrates, and ammonium-bearing minerals. The instrument has an ∼1° field of view and covers the spectral range between 1.15 and 3.30 μm with a spectral resolution varying from 3.3 nm at 1.15 μm to 28 nm at 3.30 μm. The ISEM optical head is mounted on the mast, and its electronics box is located inside the rover's body. The spectrometer uses an acousto-optic tunable filter and a Peltier-cooled InAs detector. The mass of ISEM is 1.74 kg, including the electronics and harness. The science objectives of the experiment, the instrument design, and operational scenarios are described. Key Words: ExoMars—ISEM—Mars—Surface—Mineralogy—Spectroscopy—AOTF—Infrared. Astrobiology 17, 542–564. 1. Introduction 2. Science Objectives 2.1. Contribution to overall rover mission science 2.2. Synergies with other instruments 2.3. The method 2.3.1. Spectral range 2.3.2. Spectral resolution 2.4. Potentially detectable mineral groups 2.4.1. Phyllosilicates 2.4.2. Carbonates 2.4.3. Sulfates 2.4.4. Silica 2.4.5. Igneous minerals 2.4.6. Ferrous oxides/hydroxides 2.4.7. Organic compounds—PAHs 2.4.8. Perchlorates and chlorides 2.4.9. Oxalates 2.4.10. Water ice 2.4.11. Nitrates 2.4.12. Phosphates 2.4.13. Borates 2.4.14. Ammonium‐bearing minerals 2.5. Atmospheric studies (aerosol, gaseous content) 3. Instrument Description 3.1. Instrument concept 3.2. The optical box 3.3. The electronics box 3.4. The calibration target 4. Measurement Scenario 4.1. The experiment cycle 4.2. Operations on the surface 4.3. Resources required 4.4. Measurement performance, examples, comparison with state of the art 4.4.1. Spectral range and spectral resolution 4.4.2. Signal‐to‐noise ratio estimation 4.4.3. Estimation of detection capabilities 4.5. Environmental requirements and characterization 5. Conclusions Acknowledgments Author Disclosure Statement References