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Temperament Is Associated With Outdoor Free Play in Young Children: A TARGet Kids! Study

2017; Elsevier BV; Volume: 18; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.acap.2017.08.006

1876-2867

Julia R. Sharp, Jonathon L. Maguire, Sarah Carsley, Kawsari Abdullah, Yang Chen, Eliana M. Perrin, Patricia C. Parkin, Catherine S. Birken, Catherine S. Birken, Jonathon L. Maguire, Eddy Lau, Andreas Laupacis, Patricia C. Parkin, Michael Salter, Péter Szatmári, Shannon Weir, Kawsari Abdullah, Mary Aglipay, Yamna Ali, Laura N. Anderson, Imaan Bayoumi, Catherine S. Birken, Cornelia M. Borkhoff, Sarah Carsley, Shi‐Yi Chen, Yang Chen, David Dai, Denise Darmawikarta, Cindy‐Lee Dennis, Karen Eny, Stephanie C. Erdle, Kayla Furlong, Kanthi Kavikondala, Christine Koroshegyi, Christine Kowal, Grace Jieun Lee, Jonathon L. Maguire, Dalah Mason, Jessica Omand, Patricia C. Parkin, Navindra Persaud, Lesley Plumptre, Meta van den Heuvel, Shelley Vanderhout, Peter Wong, Weeda Zabih, M. B. Abdurrahman, Barbara Anderson, Laura N. Anderson, Gordon Arbess, Jillian M. Baker, Tony Barozzino, Sylvie Bergeron, Dimple Bhagat, Nicholas Blanchette, Gary Bloch, Joey Bonifacio, Ashna Bowry, Anne Brown, Jennifer Bugera, Caroline Calpin, Douglas Campbell, Sohail Cheema, Elaine Cheng, Brian Chisamore, Evelyn Constantin, Erin Culbert, Karoon Danayan, Paul Das, Mary Beth Derocher, Kieu Anh, Michael W. Dorey, Kathleen Doukas, Anne E. Egger, Allison Farber, Amy L. Freedman, Sloane Freeman, Keewai Fung, Sharon Gazeley, Donna Goldenberg, Charlie Guiang, Dan Ha, Hafiz Shuja, Curtis Handford, Laura Hanson, Leah Harrington, Hailey Hatch, Teresa Hughes, Sheila Jacobson, Lukasz Jagiello, Gwen Jansz, Paul Kadar, Tara Kiran, Lauren Kitney, Holly Knowles, Bruce Kwok, Sheila Lakhoo, Margarita Lam-Antoniades, Eddy Lau, Fok‐Han Leung, Alan Li, Patricia Li, Jennifer Loo, Joanne Louis, Sarah Mahmoud, Roy Male, Vashti Mascoll, Rosemary Moodie, Julia Morinis, Maya Nader, Sharon Naymark, Patricia Neelands, James S. Owen, Jane Parry, Michael Peer, Kifi Pena, Marty Perlmutar, Navindra Persaud, Andrew Pinto, Tracy Pitt, Michelle Porepa, Vikky Qi, Nasreen Ramji, Noor Ramji, Jesleen Rana, Alana Rosenthal, Katherine Rouleau, Janet Saunderson, Rahul Saxena, Vanna Schiralli, Michael Sgro, Susan Shepherd, Barbara Smiltnieks, Cinntha Srikanthan, Carolyn Taylor, Suzanne D. Turner, Fatima Uddin, Joanne Vaughan, Thea Weisdorf, Sheila Wijayasinghe, Peter Wong, Anne Wormsbecker, Ethel Ying, Elizabeth Young, Michael Zajdman, Marivic Bustos, Charmaine Camacho, Dharma Dalwadi, Thivia Jegathesan, Tarandeep Malhi, Sharon Thadani, Julia Thompson, Laurie Thompson, Christopher T. Allen, Bryan Boodhoo, Judith Hall, Peter Jüni, Gerald Lebovic, Karen L. Pope, Jodi Shim, Kevin E. Thorpe, Azar Azad,

Early Childhood Education and Development

Outdoor free play is important for preschoolers' physical activity, health, and development. Certain temperamental characteristics are associated with obesity, nutrition, and sedentary behaviors in preschoolers, but the relationship between temperament and outdoor play has not been examined. This study examined whether there is an association between temperament and outdoor play in young children.Healthy children aged 1 to 5 years recruited to The Applied Research Group for Kids (TARGet Kids!), a community-based primary care research network, from July 2008 to September 2013 were included. Parent-reported child temperament was assessed using the Childhood Behavior Questionnaire. Outdoor free play and other potential confounding variables were assessed through validated questionnaires. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine the association between temperament and outdoor play, adjusted for potential confounders.There were 3393 children with data on outdoor play. The association between negative affectivity and outdoor play was moderated by sex; in boys, for every 1-point increase in negative affectivity score, mean outdoor play decreased by 4.7 minutes per day. There was no significant association in girls. Surgency was associated with outdoor play; for every 1-point increase in surgency/extraversion, outdoor play increased by 4.6 minutes per day.Young children's temperamental characteristics were associated with their participation in outdoor free play. Consideration of temperament could enhance interventions and strategies to increase outdoor play in young children. Longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between children's early temperament and physical activity.